জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন
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দুজন লিখকে একে সময়তে (বেলেগ বেলেগ স্থানৰ পৰা) কাম কৰি থাকে যদি কোনোজনে save কৰিবলৈ দিলে "সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব" বা "edit conflict" বুলি বাৰ্তা আহিব পাৰে, আৰু এনেক্ষেত্ৰত সচৰাচৰ আপুনি সম্পাদনা কৰাখিনি হেৰাই যাব পাৰে। এনে ধৰণৰ অসুবিধাৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিবৰ বাবে আপুনি পৃষ্ঠা সঁচাৰ আগে আগে আপুনি কৰা সম্পাদনাখিনি কীব'ৰ্ডৰ Ctrl + C ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি প্ৰতিলিপি কৰি ৰাখিব পাৰে বা অন্য কোনো editor যেনে notepad, Microsoft word, open office আদিত save কৰি থ'ব। সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব মানে কাজিয়া হৈছে বুলি ভুল বুজাবুজি নকৰি কিছুসময় অপেক্ষা কৰি আপোনাৰখিনি পাছত যোগ দিব পাৰিব। প্ৰয়োজন হ'লে প্ৰবন্ধৰ "ইতিহাস" টেবত চাই যাৰ লগত আপোনাৰ সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব হৈছে তেওঁৰ লগত আলোচনা কৰি দুয়োজনে মিলাপ্ৰীতিৰে সম্পাদনা কৰি প্ৰবন্ধটো লিখি উলিয়াব পাৰে। এনে সমস্যাৰ পৰা পৰিত্ৰাণ পাবৰ বাবে দ্বিতীয় উপায় হৈছে {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}}ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ। আপুনি লিখিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰা পৃষ্ঠাটোত যদি আন কোনোৱেই সমসাময়িকভাৱে সম্পাদনা কৰাটো নিবিচাৰে তেনেহ’লে এই সাঁচটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰে। আপোনাৰ সম্পাদনা শেষ হোৱাৰ পাছত এই সাঁচটো আঁতৰাই দিবলৈ নাপাহৰে যেন। |
বৰ্তমান সময়ত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন (ইংৰাজী: Climate change)ৰ ভিতৰত গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি (ইংৰাজী: Global warming)—গোলকীয় গড় উষ্ণতা ক্ৰমাগত বৃদ্ধি—আৰু পৃথিৱীৰ জলবায়ু তন্ত্ৰত ইয়াৰ বহল প্ৰভাৱ দুয়োটাই অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। বহল অৰ্থত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ ভিতৰত পৃথিৱীৰ জলবায়ুৰ পূৰ্বৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী পৰিৱৰ্তনসমূহো অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। আধুনিক যুগৰ বিশ্বৰ উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ কাৰণ হৈছে মানুহৰ কাৰ্যকলাপ, বিশেষকৈ শিল্প বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰ পৰা জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধন (কয়লা, তেল আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক গেছ)ৰ দহন।[3][4] জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনৰ ব্যৱহাৰ, বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস, আৰু কিছুমান কৃষি আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক পদ্ধতিৰ দ্বাৰা সেউজ গৃহ গেছ নিৰ্গত হয়।[5] এই গেছবোৰে সূৰ্যৰ পোহৰৰ পৰা পৃথিৱীয়ে উষ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত বিকিৰণ কৰা তাপৰ কিছু অংশ শোষণ কৰি নিম্ন বায়ুমণ্ডল উষ্ণ কৰি তোলে। গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰধান কাৰক কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড গেছৰ ঘনত্ব প্ৰাক-ঔদ্যোগিক যুগৰ পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০% বৃদ্ধি পাই লাখ লাখ বছৰ ধৰি দেখা নোপোৱা মাত্ৰাত উপনীত হৈছে।[6]
জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনে পৰিৱেশৰ ওপৰত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বৃহৎ প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়। মৰুভূমিৰ প্ৰসাৰ ঘটিছে, আনহাতে তাপ প্ৰবাহ আৰু বনজুই অধিক সাধাৰণ হৈ পৰিছে।[7] আৰ্কটিকত বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উষ্ণতাই পাৰ্মাফ্ৰষ্ট গলি যোৱা, হিমবাহৰ পিছুৱাই যোৱা আৰু সাগৰীয় বৰফৰ হ্ৰাসত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে।[8] অধিক উষ্ণতাৰ বাবেও অধিক তীব্ৰ ধুমুহা, খৰাং আৰু অন্যান্য বতৰৰ চৰম পৰিস্থিতিৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে।[9] পৰ্বত, প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ আৰু উত্তৰ মেৰু অঞ্চলৰ দ্ৰুত পৰিৱেশ পৰিৱৰ্তনে বহু প্ৰজাতি স্থানান্তৰিত হ’বলৈ বা বিলুপ্ত হ’বলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছে।[10] ভৱিষ্যতে উষ্ণতা কম কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা সফল হ’লেও কিছুমান প্ৰভাৱ শতিকাজুৰি চলি থাকিব। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সাগৰৰ উত্তাপ, সাগৰৰ অম্লীয়কৰণ আৰু সাগৰৰ জলপৃষ্ঠ বৃদ্ধি।[11]
জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনে মানুহক বানপানী বৃদ্ধি, অতি উত্তাপ, খাদ্য আৰু পানীৰ অভাৱ বৃদ্ধি, অধিক ৰোগ আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক ক্ষতিৰ ভাবুকি কঢ়িয়াই আনিছে।[12] মানৱ প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰু সংঘৰ্ষও ইয়াৰ পৰিণতি হʼব পাৰে।[13] বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থাই জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনক একবিংশ শতিকাৰ বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্যৰ বাবে অন্যতম বৃহৎ ভাবুকি বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে।[14] উষ্ণতা সীমিত কৰাৰ কোনো ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ নকৰাকৈ সমাজ আৰু পৰিৱেশ তন্ত্ৰই অধিক ভয়াৱহ বিপদৰ সন্মুখীন হ’ব।[15] বান নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থা বা খৰাং প্ৰতিৰোধী শস্যৰ দৰে প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ জৰিয়তে জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ লগত খাপ খুৱাই লোৱাটোৱে জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ আশংকা আংশিকভাৱে হ্ৰাস কৰে যদিও ইতিমধ্যে অভিযোজনৰ কিছু সীমাত উপনীত হৈছে।[16] বিশ্বৰ নিৰ্গমনৰ সামান্য অংশৰ বাবে দৰিদ্ৰ সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহ দায়ী, তথাপিও তেওঁলোকৰ খাপ খুৱাব পৰা ক্ষমতা কম আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ প্ৰতি অতি দুৰ্বল।[17][18]
একবিংশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম দশকবোৰত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ বহুতো প্ৰভাৱ দেখা গৈছে, ১৮৫০ চনত নিয়মীয়া অনুসৰণ আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পিছত ২০২৪ চনত +১.৬০ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (২.৮৮ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট)ত সৰ্বাধিক উষ্ণতা দেখা গৈছে।[20][21] অতিৰিক্ত উষ্ণতাই এই প্ৰভাৱ বৃদ্ধি কৰিব আৰু টিপিং পইণ্টৰ সূচনা কৰিব পাৰে, যেনে গ্ৰীনলেণ্ডৰ সকলো বৰফৰ তৰপ গলি যোৱা।[22] ২০১৫ চনৰ পেৰিছ চুক্তিৰ অধীনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে সামূহিকভাৱে উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি কৰি ৰাখিবলৈ সন্মত হয় "২ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছৰ বহু তলত"। কিন্তু চুক্তিখনৰ অধীনত দিয়া প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতিৰ ফলত শতিকাৰ শেষলৈকে গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিয়ে প্ৰায় ২.৮ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (৫.০ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট) পৰ্যন্ত হ’ব।[23]
জলবায়ু সম্পৰ্কীয় ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰতি বিশ্বজুৰি ব্যাপক সমৰ্থন আছে,[24][25] আৰু বেছিভাগ দেশেই কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড নিৰ্গমন বন্ধ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছে।[26] জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনক ৰাজসাহায্য দিয়া বন্ধ কৰি, শক্তি সংৰক্ষণ কৰি আৰু বিশেষ কাৰ্বন প্ৰদূষণ উৎপন্ন নকৰা শক্তিৰ উৎসলৈ সলনি কৰি পৰ্যায়ক্ৰমে বন্ধ কৰিব পাৰি। এই শক্তিৰ উৎসসমূহৰ ভিতৰত বতাহ, সৌৰ, জল আৰু পাৰমাণৱিক শক্তি আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।[27] পৰিষ্কাৰভাৱে উৎপাদিত বিদ্যুতে পৰিবহণ, অট্টালিকা গৰম কৰা আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক প্ৰক্ৰিয়া চলোৱাৰ বাবে জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনৰ ঠাই লʼব পাৰে।[28] বায়ুমণ্ডলৰ পৰাও কাৰ্বন আঁতৰাব পাৰি, উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে বনাঞ্চলৰ আৱৰণ বৃদ্ধি কৰি আৰু মাটিত কাৰ্বন জমা কৰা পদ্ধতিৰে খেতি কৰিব পাৰি।[29][30][31]
তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]- ↑ "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4)". NASA. https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 12 January 2024.
- ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2021, SPM-7
- ↑ Forster et al. 2024, পৃষ্ঠা 2626: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."
- ↑ Lynas, Mark; Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Perry, Simon (19 October 2021). "Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature". Environmental Research Letters খণ্ড 16 (11): 114005. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966. ISSN 1748-9326.
- ↑ Our World in Data, 18 September 2020
- ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, পৃষ্ঠা 67: "Concentrations of সাঁচ:CO2, methane (সাঁচ:CH4), and nitrous oxide (সাঁচ:N2O) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current সাঁচ:CO2 concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."
- ↑
- IPCC SRCCL 2019, পৃষ্ঠা 7: "Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence)."
- IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 9: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"
- ↑ IPCC SROCC 2019, পৃষ্ঠা 16: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."
- ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11 2021, পৃষ্ঠা 1517
- ↑ EPA (19 January 2017). "Climate Impacts on Ecosystems". https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 February 2019. "Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent."
- ↑ IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, পৃষ্ঠা 64: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of সাঁচ:CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-সাঁচ:CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."
- ↑ "Consequences of climate change" (en ভাষাত). European Commissionclimate.ec.europa.eu. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2025-04-10.
- ↑
- Cattaneo et al. 2019
- IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 15
- IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 53
- ↑ WHO, Nov 2023
- ↑ IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 19
- ↑
- IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 21–26
- IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 2504
- IPCC AR6 SYR SPM 2023, পৃষ্ঠা 8–9: "Effectiveness15 of adaptation in reducing climate risks16 is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."
- ↑ Tietjen, Bethany (2 November 2022). "Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries?". The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 30 August 2023.
- ↑ "Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability". IPCC. 27 February 2022. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 30 August 2023.
- ↑ Ivanova, Irina (June 2, 2022). "California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years". CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/.
- ↑ "2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023". Copernicus Programme. 10 January 2025. https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 January 2025.
- ↑ Carrington, Damian (10 January 2025). "Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024". https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time.
- ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, পৃষ্ঠা 71
- ↑ United Nations Environment Programme 2024, পৃষ্ঠা XVIII: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8 °C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6 °C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."
- ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: অবৈধ
<ref>টেগ;Damianনামৰ refৰ বাবে কোনো পাঠ্য প্ৰদান কৰা হোৱা নাই - ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: অবৈধ
<ref>টেগ;Peterনামৰ refৰ বাবে কোনো পাঠ্য প্ৰদান কৰা হোৱা নাই - ↑ United Nations Environment Programme 2024, পৃষ্ঠা XV: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."
- ↑
- IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III 2014, পৃষ্ঠা 1335
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 24–25
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 89
- ↑ IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 84: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."
- ↑
- IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019, পৃষ্ঠা 18
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 24–25
- IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary 2022, পৃষ্ঠা 114
- ↑ Duarte, C.M.এক্সপ্ৰেছন ত্ৰুটী: অপৰিচিত শব্দ "etal" (17 January 2025). "Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats". Nature Climate Change খণ্ড 15 (2): 180–187. doi:10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02238-1। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13 August 2025.
- ↑ Winfield, E.; Ostoja, S. (2020). "Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet"]. USDA California Climate Hub. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 13 August 2025.
উৎস
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]
এই প্ৰবন্ধত মুক্ত সমল কাৰ্যৰ পাঠ্য সংযোগ কৰা হৈছে। লাইচেঞ্চ হৈছে CC BY-SA 3.0 The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview, FAO, FAO। মুক্ত লাইচেঞ্চ পাঠ্য ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ প্ৰবন্ধত কেনেকৈ সংযোগ কৰিব পাৰি জানিবৰ বাবে এই পৃষ্ঠাখন চাওক। ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ পাঠ্যৰ পুণঃব্যৱহাৰৰ তথ্যৰ বাবে, অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি ব্যৱহাৰৰ চৰ্তাৱলী চাওক।
IPCC reports
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]Fourth Assessment Report
- IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88009-1. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html.
- Le Treut, H.; Somerville, R.; Cubasch, U.; Ding, Y. et al. (2007). "Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science". IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. পৃষ্ঠা. 93–127. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf.
- Randall, D. A.; Wood, R. A.; Bony, S.; Colman, R. et al. (2007). "Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation". IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. পৃষ্ঠা. 589–662. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf.
- Hegerl, G. C.; Zwiers, F. W.; Braconnot, P.; Gillett, N. P. et al. (2007). "Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change". IPCC AR4 WG1 2007. পৃষ্ঠা. 663–745. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf.
- IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88010-7. Archived from the original on 2018-11-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20181110071159/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2025-12-08.
- Schneider, S. H.; Semenov, S.; Patwardhan, A.; Burton, I. et al. (2007). "Chapter 19: Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change". IPCC AR4 WG2 2007. পৃষ্ঠা. 779–810. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf.
- IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88011-4. Archived from the original on 2014-10-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20141012170817/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2025-12-08.
- Rogner, H.-H.; Zhou, D.; Bradley, R.; Crabbé, P. et al. (2007). "Chapter 1: Introduction". IPCC AR4 WG3 2007. পৃষ্ঠা. 95–116. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter1.pdf.
Fifth Assessment report
- IPCC (2013). Stocker, T. F.; Qin, D.; Plattner, G.-K. et al.. eds. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. প্ৰকাশক Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05799-9. http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf.. AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC
- IPCC (2013). "Summary for Policymakers". IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. https://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf.
- Hartmann, D. L.; Klein Tank, A. M. G.; Rusticucci, M.; Alexander, L. V. et al. (2013). "Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface". IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. পৃষ্ঠা. 159–254. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/WG1AR5_Chapter02_FINAL.pdf.
- Rhein, M.; Rintoul, S. R.; Aoki, S.; Campos, E. et al. (2013). "Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean". IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. পৃষ্ঠা. 255–315. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter03_FINAL.pdf.
- Masson-Delmotte, V.; Schulz, M.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Beer, J. et al. (2013). "Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives". IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. পৃষ্ঠা. 383–464. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf.
- Bindoff, N. L.; Stott, P. A.; AchutaRao, K. M.; Allen, M. R. et al. (2013). "Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional". IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. পৃষ্ঠা. 867–952. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf.
- Collins, M.; Knutti, R.; Arblaster, J. M.; Dufresne, J.-L. et al. (2013). "Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility". IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. পৃষ্ঠা. 1029–1136. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf.
- IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05807-1.. Chapters 1–20, SPM, and Technical Summary.
- Olsson, L.; Opondo, M.; Tschakert, P.; Agrawal, A. et al. (2014). "Chapter 13: Livelihoods and Poverty". IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014. পৃষ্ঠা. 793–832. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf.
- Cramer, W.; Yohe, G. W.; Auffhammer, M.; Huggel, C. et al. (2014). "Chapter 18: Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts". IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014. পৃষ্ঠা. 979–1037. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf.
- Oppenheimer, M.; Campos, M.; Warren, R.; Birkmann, J. et al. (2014). "Chapter 19: Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities". IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014. পৃষ্ঠা. 1039–1099. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf.
- IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. প্ৰকাশক Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05816-3. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf.. Chapters 21–30, Annexes, and Index.
- Larsen, J. N.; Anisimov, O. A.; Constable, A.; Hollowed, A. B. et al. (2014). "Chapter 28: Polar Regions". IPCC AR5 WG2 B 2014. পৃষ্ঠা. 1567–1612. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf.
- IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. প্ৰকাশক Cambridge, UK & New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05821-7.
- Lucon, O.; Ürge-Vorsatz, D.; Ahmed, A.; Akbari, H. et al. (2014). "Chapter 9: Buildings". IPCC AR5 WG3 2014. https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf.
- Edenhofer, O.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Sokona, Y.; Farahani, E. et al. (2014). "Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and Performance Parameters". IPCC AR5 WG3 2014. প্ৰকাশক Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf.
- IPCC AR5 SYR (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. প্ৰকাশক Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/.
Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 °C
- IPCC (2018). Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf. Global Warming of 1.5 °C –.
- IPCC (2018). "Summary for Policymakers". IPCC SR15 2018. পৃষ্ঠা. 3–24. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_HR.pdf.
- Allen, M. R.; Dube, O. P.; Solecki, W.; Aragón-Durand, F. et al. (2018). "Chapter 1: Framing and Context". IPCC SR15 2018. পৃষ্ঠা. 49–91. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter1_High_Res.pdf.
- Rogelj, J.; Shindell, D.; Jiang, K.; Fifta, S. et al. (2018). "Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5 °C in the Context of Sustainable Development". IPCC SR15 2018. পৃষ্ঠা. 93–174. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf.
- Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.; Bindi, M. et al. (2018). "Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5 °C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems". IPCC SR15 2018. পৃষ্ঠা. 175–311. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter3_High_Res.pdf.
- de Coninck, H.; Revi, A.; Babiker, M.; Bertoldi, P. et al. (2018). "Chapter 4: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response". IPCC SR15 2018. পৃষ্ঠা. 313–443. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter4_High_Res.pdf.
- Roy, J.; Tschakert, P.; Waisman, H.; Abdul Halim, S. et al. (2018). "Chapter 5: Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication and Reducing Inequalities". IPCC SR15 2018. পৃষ্ঠা. 445–538. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter5_High_Res.pdf.
Special Report: Climate change and Land
- IPCC (2019). IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. In press. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf.
- IPCC (2019). "Summary for Policymakers". IPCC SRCCL 2019. পৃষ্ঠা. 3–34. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/02_Summary-for-Policymakers_SPM.pdf.
- Jia, G.; Shevliakova, E.; Artaxo, P. E.; De Noblet-Ducoudré, N. et al. (2019). "Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions". IPCC SRCCL 2019. পৃষ্ঠা. 131–247. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/05_Chapter-2.pdf.
- Mbow, C.; Rosenzweig, C.; Barioni, L. G.; Benton, T. et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Food Security". IPCC SRCCL 2019. পৃষ্ঠা. 437–550. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/08_Chapter-5.pdf.
Special Report: The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
- IPCC (2019). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. In press. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/SROCC_FullReport_FINAL.pdf.
- IPCC (2019). "Summary for Policymakers". IPCC SROCC 2019. পৃষ্ঠা. 3–35. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/03_SROCC_SPM_FINAL.pdf.
- Oppenheimer, M.; Glavovic, B.; Hinkel, J.; van de Wal, R. et al. (2019). "Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities". IPCC SROCC 2019. পৃষ্ঠা. 321–445. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/08_SROCC_Ch04_FINAL.pdf.
- Bindoff, N. L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Kairo, J. G.; Arístegui, J. et al. (2019). "Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities". IPCC SROCC 2019. পৃষ্ঠা. 447–587. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/09_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL.pdf.
Sixth Assessment Report
- IPCC (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A. et al.. eds. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. প্ৰকাশক Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press (In Press). https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport_small.pdf.
- IPCC (2021). "Summary for Policymakers". IPCC AR6 WG1 2021. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf.
- Arias, Paola A.; Bellouin, Nicolas; Coppola, Erika; Jones, Richard G. et al. (2021). "Technical Summary". IPCC AR6 WG1 2021. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf.
- Gulev, Sergey K.; Thorne, Peter W.; Ahn, Jinho; Dentener, Frank J. et al. (2021). "Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system". Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_02.pdf.
- Lee, June-Yi; Marotzke, Jochem; Bala, Govindasamy; Cao, Long et al. (2021). "Chapter 4: Future Global Climate: Scenario-Based Projections and Near-Term Information". Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-4/.
- Canadell, Josep G.; Monteiro, Pedro M.S.; Costa, Marcos H.; Cotrim da Cunha, Leticia et al. (2021). "Chapter 5: Global Carbon and other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks". Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-5/.
- Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Zhang, Xuebin; Adnan, M.; Badi, W. et al. (2021). "Chapter 11: Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate". IPCC AR6 WG1 2021. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_11.pdf.
- IPCC (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers". IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 3–33. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf.
- IPCC (2022). "Technical Summary". IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 37–118. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.002. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_TechnicalSummary.pdf.
- Bezner Kerr, R.; Hasegawa, T.; Lasco, R.; Bhatt, I.; Deryng, D.; Farrell, A.; Gurney-Smith, H.; Ju, H. et al. (2022). "Food, Fibre and Other Ecosystem Products". IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 713–906. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.007. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter05.pdf.
- Dodman, D.; Hayward, B.; Pelling, M.; Castan Broto, V.; Chow, W.; Chu, E.; Dawson, R.; Khirfan, L. et al. (2022). "Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure". IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 907–1040. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.008. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter06.pdf.
- O'Neill, B.; van Aalst, M.; Zaiton Ibrahim, Z.; Berrang Ford, L.; Bhadwal, S.; Buhaug, H.; Diaz, D.; Frieler, K. et al. (2022). "Key Risks across Sectors and Regions". IPCC AR6 WG2 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 2411–2538. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.025. ISBN 978-1-009-32584-4. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter16.pdf.
- IPCC (2022). Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. প্ৰকাশক Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009157926. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/.
- IPCC (2022). "Summary for Policymakers". IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf.
- Pathak, M.; Slade, R.; Shukla, P.R.; Skea, J.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2022). "Technical Summary". IPCC AR6 WG3 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 51–148. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.002. ISBN 978-1-009-15792-6. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_TechnicalSummary.pdf.
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Books, reports and legal documents
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]- "G8+5 Academies' joint statement: Climate change and the transformation of energy technologies for a low carbon future". The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. May 2009. http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/G8+5energy-climate09.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 May 2010.
- Archer, David; Pierrehumbert, Raymond (2013). The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68733-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=sPY9HOfnuS0C&pg=PT10.
- Bridle, Richard; Sharma, Shruti; Mostafa, Mostafa; Geddes, Anna (June 2019). Fossil Fuel to Clean Energy Subsidy Swaps (Report). https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/fossil-fuel-clean-energy-subsidy-swap.pdf.
- Climate Focus (December 2015). "The Paris Agreement: Summary. Climate Focus Client Brief on the Paris Agreement III". Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181005005832/https://climatefocus.com/sites/default/files/20151228%20COP%2021%20briefing%20FIN.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 12 April 2019.
- Conceição (2020). Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (Report). United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 January 2021.
- DeFries, Ruthএক্সপ্ৰেছন ত্ৰুটী: অপৰিচিত শব্দ "etal" (September 2019). The missing economic risks in assessments of climate change impacts (Report). Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science. https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/The-missing-economic-risks-in-assessments-of-climate-change-impacts-2.pdf.
- Dessler, Andrew E. and Edward A. Parson, eds. The science and politics of global climate change: A guide to the debate (Cambridge University Press, 2019).
- Dessai, Suraje (2001). "The climate regime from The Hague to Marrakech: Saving or sinking the Kyoto Protocol?". Tyndall Centre Working Paper 12. Tyndall Centre. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120610013556/http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp12.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 May 2010.
- Dunlap, Riley E.; McCright, Aaron M. (2011). "Chapter 10: Organized climate change denial". The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 144–160. ISBN 978-0-19-956660-0.
- Dunlap, Riley E.; McCright, Aaron M. (2015). "Chapter 10: Challenging Climate Change: The Denial Countermovement". Climate Change and Society: Sociological Perspectives. Oxford University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 300–332. ISBN 978-0-19-935611-9.
- Ebi, Kristie L.; Balbus, John; Luber, George; Bole, Aparna; Crimmins, Allison R.; Glass, Gregory E.; Saha, Shubhayu; Shimamoto, Mark M. et al. (2018). Chapter 14: Human Health. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II (Report). doi:10.7930/nca4.2018.ch14.
- Flavell, Alex (2014). IOM outlook on migration, environment and climate change (Report). প্ৰকাশক Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration (IOM). ISBN 978-92-9068-703-0. OCLC 913058074. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mecc_outlook.pdf.
- Fleming, James Rodger (2007). The Callendar Effect: the life and work of Guy Stewart Callendar (1898–1964). প্ৰকাশক Boston: American Meteorological Society. ISBN 978-1-878220-76-9.
- Flynn, C.; Yamasumi, E.; Fisher, S.; Snow, D. et al. (January 2021). Peoples' Climate Vote (Report). UNDP and University of Oxford. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/UNDP-Oxford-Peoples-Climate-Vote-Results.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 August 2021.
- Flynn, C.; Jardon, S. T. et al. (June 2024). Peoples' Climate Vote 2024 Results (Report). UNDP and University of Oxford. https://peoplesclimate.vote/document/Peoples_Climate_Vote_Report_2024.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 November 2024.
- Global Methane Initiative (2020). Global Methane Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities (Report). Global Methane Initiative. https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/gmi-mitigation-factsheet.pdf.
- Hallegatte, Stephane; Bangalore, Mook; Bonzanigo, Laura; Fay, Marianne et al. (2016). Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. Climate Change and Development. প্ৰকাশক Washington, D.C.: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0673-5. ISBN 978-1-4648-0674-2. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22787/9781464806735.pdf?sequence=13&isAllowed=y.
- Haywood, Jim (2016). "Chapter 27 – Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Role in Climate Change". In Letcher, Trevor M.. Climate Change: Observed Impacts on Planet Earth. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-63524-2.
- IEA (December 2020). Energy Efficiency 2020 (Report). প্ৰকাশক Paris, France.
- IEA (October 2021). Net Zero By 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector (Report). প্ৰকাশক Paris, France. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/deebef5d-0c34-4539-9d0c-10b13d840027/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 April 2022.
- IEA (October 2023). World Energy Outlook 2023 (Report). প্ৰকাশক Paris, France. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/26ca51d0-4a42-4649-a7c0-552d75ddf9b2/WorldEnergyOutlook2023.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 25 October 2021.
- Krogstrup, Signe; Oman, William (4 September 2019). Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Literature. IMF working papers. 19. doi:10.5089/9781513511955.001. ISBN 978-1-5135-1195-5. ISSN 1018-5941. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/doc/IMF001/28337-9781513511955/28337-9781513511955/Other_formats/Source_PDF/28337-9781513512938.pdf.
- Leiserowitz, A.; Carman, J.; Buttermore, N.; Wang, X. et al. (2021). International Public Opinion on Climate Change (Report). প্ৰকাশক New Haven, CT: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and Facebook Data for Good. https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/international-climate-opinion-february-2021d.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 August 2021.
- Letcher, Trevor M., ed (2020). Future Energy: Improved, Sustainable and Clean Options for our Planet (Third সম্পাদনা). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-102886-5.
- Meinshausen, Malte (2019). "Implications of the Developed Scenarios for Climate Change". In Teske, Sven. Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. পৃষ্ঠা. 459–469. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_12. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. https://apo.org.au/node/235336.
- Miller, J.; Du, L.; Kodjak, D. (2017). Impacts of World-Class Vehicle Efficiency and Emissions Regulations in Select G20 Countries (Report). প্ৰকাশক Washington, D.C.: The International Council on Clean Transportation. https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_G20-briefing-paper_Jan2017_vF.pdf.
- Müller, Benito (February 2010). Copenhagen 2009: Failure or final wake-up call for our leaders? EV 49. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. পৃষ্ঠা. i. ISBN 978-1-907555-04-6. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/EV49-Copenhagen2009Failureorfinalwake-upcallforourleaders-BenitoMuller-2010.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 18 May 2010.
- National Academies (2008). Understanding and responding to climate change: Highlights of National Academies Reports, 2008 edition (Report). National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171011182257/http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/booklets/climate_change_2008_final.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 November 2010.
- National Research Council (2012). Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices (Report). প্ৰকাশক Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/download/14673। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 21 November 2023.
- Newell, Peter (14 December 2006). Climate for Change: Non-State Actors and the Global Politics of the Greenhouse. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02123-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=ing21MGmh5UC। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 30 July 2018.
- NOAA. "January 2017 analysis from NOAA: Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States". https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/techrpt83_Global_and_Regional_SLR_Scenarios_for_the_US_final.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 7 February 2019.
- Olivier, J. G. J.; Peters, J. A. H. W. (2019). Trends in global CO2 and total greenhouse gas emissions. প্ৰকাশক The Hague: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2020-trends-in-global-co2-and-total-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2019-report_4068.pdf.
- Oreskes, Naomi (2007). "The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we're not wrong?". Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-54193-0.
- Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik (2010). Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (first সম্পাদনা). Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-59691-610-4.
- Pew Research Center (November 2015). Global Concern about Climate Change, Broad Support for Limiting Emissions (Report). https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/Pew-Research-Center-Climate-Change-Report-FINAL-November-5-2015.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 August 2021.
- REN21 (2020). Renewables 2020 Global Status Report. প্ৰকাশক Paris: REN21 Secretariat. ISBN 978-3-948393-00-7. https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2020_full_report_en.pdf.
- Royal Society (13 April 2005). Economic Affairs – Written Evidence. The Economics of Climate Change, the Second Report of the 2005–2006 session, produced by the UK Parliament House of Lords Economics Affairs Select Committee. UK Parliament. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldeconaf/12/12we24.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 July 2011.
- Setzer, Joana; Byrnes, Rebecca (July 2019). Global trends in climate change litigation: 2019 snapshot. প্ৰকাশক London: the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy. http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/GRI_Global-trends-in-climate-change-litigation-2019-snapshot.pdf.
- Steinberg, D.; Bielen, D. et al. (July 2017). Electrification & Decarbonization: Exploring U.S. Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Scenarios with Widespread Electrification and Power Sector Decarbonization (Report). প্ৰকাশক Golden, Colorado: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/68214.pdf.
- Teske, Sven, ed (2019). "Executive Summary". Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. পৃষ্ঠা. xiii–xxxv. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-3-030-05843-2%2F1.pdf.
- Teske, Sven; Pregger, Thomas; Naegler, Tobias; Simon, Sonja et al. (2019). "Energy Scenario Results". In Teske, Sven. Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. পৃষ্ঠা. 175–402. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_8. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. https://apo.org.au/node/235336.
- Teske, Sven (2019). "Trajectories for a Just Transition of the Fossil Fuel Industry". In Teske, Sven. Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5 °C and +2 °C. Springer International Publishing. পৃষ্ঠা. 403–411. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2_9. ISBN 978-3-030-05843-2. https://apo.org.au/node/235336.
- UN FAO (2016). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. How are the world's forests changing? (Report). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-109283-5. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4793e.pdf#page=11। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 December 2019.
- Emissions Gap Report 2019. প্ৰকাশক Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. 2019. ISBN 978-92-807-3766-0. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/30797/EGR2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
- Emissions Gap Report 2024. প্ৰকাশক Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme. 2024. ISBN 978-92-807-4185-8. https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2024.
- UNEP (2018). The Adaptation Gap Report 2018. প্ৰকাশক Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). ISBN 978-92-807-3728-8. https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report.
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- Van Oldenborgh, Geert-Janএক্সপ্ৰেছন ত্ৰুটী: অপৰিচিত শব্দ "etal" (2019). Human contribution to the record-breaking June 2019 heat wave in France.
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|url-status=ignored (help)
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বাহ্যিক সংযোগ
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]
| Scholia has a profile for [[:toolforge:scholia/Q125928|সাঁচ:Ifnoteq then show (Q125928)]]. |
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: IPCC (IPCC)
- UN: Climate Change (UN)
- Met Office: Climate Guide (Met Office)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climate (NOAA)
- Royal Society. Climate change: Evidence and causes (Royal Society)
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