য়'হান গটলীব ফিশট্য

য়'হান গটলীব ফিশট্য
সম্পূৰ্ণ নাম	য়'হান গটলীব ফিশট্য
জন্ম	১৯ মে', ১৭৬২; ৰামনফ, ছেক্সনী
মৃত্যু	২৯ জানুৱাৰী, ১৮১৪ (৫১ বছৰ); বেৰ্লিন, প্ৰুছিয়া
যুগ	১৮ শতিকাৰ দৰ্শন
অঞ্চল	পাশ্চাত্য দৰ্শন
ধাৰা	জাৰ্মান আদৰ্শবাদ; য়েনা ৰমন্যাসবাদ
আগ্ৰহ	নীতিশাস্ত্ৰ; অধিবিদ্যা; মনৰ দৰ্শন; আত্মাৰ দৰ্শন; ৰাজনৈতিক দৰ্শন;
উল্লেখযোগ্য কৰ্ম	তালিকা Das absolute Bewusstsein (চৰম চেতনা) ; বাদ–প্ৰতিবাদ–সমন্বয় ; Das Nicht-Ich (অনা-আমি) ; Das Streben (প্ৰচেষ্টা/সংগ্ৰাম) ; Wissenschaftslehre (বিজ্ঞানৰ মতবাদ) 'প্ৰকৃত-ভাৱবাদ'/'ভাৱবাদী-বাস্তৱবাদ' হিচাপে ; মানৱীয় প্ৰাণশক্তিৰ প্ৰয়োগবাদী ইতিহাস হিচাপে দৰ্শন ; Gegenseitig anerkennen (পাৰস্পৰিক স্বীকৃতি) ; পাৰস্পৰিক নিৰ্ধাৰণৰ নীতি ; Anstoss (প্ৰেৰণা/আঘাত) ; Tathandlung (তথ্য আৰু/অথবা কাৰ্য) ; Aufforderung (আহ্বান) ; বৌদ্ধিক অন্তৰ্দৃষ্টি হিচাপে দাৰ্শনিক আত্ম-প্ৰতিফলন ; ব্যৱহাৰিকতাৰ প্ৰাধান্য (Handeln) ; Urtrieb (মূল প্ৰবৃত্তি) ; সুস্পষ্ট আত্ম-প্ৰতিফলনৰ পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী আত্ম-সচেতনতা (ফিক্টেৰ মূল অন্তৰ্দৃষ্টি) ; মনৰ এক মৌলিক শক্তি হিচাপে উৎপাদনশীল কল্পনাশকতি ;
প্ৰতিষ্ঠান	য়েনা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়; এৰ্লাঙন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়; বাৰ্লিন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়
স্বাক্ষৰ

য়'হান গটলীব ফিশট্য^{[টোকা 1]} (জাৰ্মান: Johann Gottlieb Fichte, pronounced [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]; ১৯ মে ১৭৬২ – ২৯ জানুৱাৰী ১৮১৪) আছিল এজন জাৰ্মান দাৰ্শনিক, যি জাৰ্মান আদৰ্শবাদৰ এজন প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক ব্যক্তিত্ব হৈ পৰিছিল। এই জাৰ্মান ভাৱবাদ ইমানুৱেল কাণ্টৰ তাত্ত্বিক আৰু নৈতিক লেখাসমূহৰ পৰা বিকশিত হৈছিল।

আত্ম-সচেতনতা বা আত্ম-জাগৰণৰ প্ৰকৃতি সম্পৰ্কে আগবঢ়োৱা মৌলিক অন্তৰ্দৃষ্টিৰ বাবে ফিশট্য নিজৰ অধিকাৰতে এজন গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ দাৰ্শনিক। ফিশট্য বাদ-প্ৰতিবাদ-সমন্বয় ধাৰণাটোৰো জনক আছিল,^[2] যিটো ধাৰণা প্ৰায়ে ভুলকৈ হেগেলৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়।^[15]

তেওঁৰ পূৰ্বৰ ৰ‌্যনে দেকাৰ্ত আৰু কাণ্টৰ দৰেই ফিশট্যও ব্যক্তিপৰতা আৰু চেতনাৰ সমস্যাৰ দ্বাৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈছিল। ফিশট্যই ৰাজনৈতিক দৰ্শনৰ গ্ৰন্থও ৰচনা কৰিছিল; তেওঁক জাৰ্মান জাতীয়তাবাদৰ অন্যতম পিতৃ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।

টোকা

↑ /ˈfɪxtə/;^[13] German: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]^[14]

তথ্যসূত্ৰ

↑ "Fichte in Berlin to Schelling in Jena, May 31–August 7[8?], 1801," in: Michael Vater and David W. Wood (eds. and trs.), The Philosophical Rupture between Fichte and Schelling: Selected Texts and Correspondence (1800-1802), SUNY Press, 2012, p. 56.
1 2 "Review of Aenesidemus" ("Rezension des Aenesidemus", Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, 11–12 February 1794). Trans. Daniel Breazeale. In Breazeale, Daniel; Fichte, Johann (1993). Fichte: Early Philosophical Writings. Cornell University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 63. (See also: FTP, p. 46; Breazeale 1980–81, pp. 545–68; Breazeale and Rockmore 1994, p. 19; Breazeale 2013, pp. 36–37; Waibel, Breazeale, Rockmore 2010, p. 157: "Fichte believes that the I must be grasped as the unity of synthesis and analysis.")
↑ Daniel Breazeale, Tom Rockmore (eds.), Fichte's Vocation of Man: New Interpretive and Critical Essays, SUNY Press, 2013, p. 147.
↑ Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre, 1794/1795, p. 274.
↑ Breazeale 2013, pp. 305 and 308 n. 24.
↑ Gesamtausgabe I/2: 364–65; Daniel Breazeale, "Fichte's Conception of Philosophy as a "Pragmatic History of the Human Mind" and the Contributions of Kant, Platner, and Maimon," Journal of the History of Ideas, 62(4), Oct. 2001, pp. 685–703; Zöller 1998, p. 130 n. 30; Sedgwick 2007, p. 144 n. 33; Breazeale and Rockmore 2010, p. 50 n. 27: "Α »history of the human mind« is a genetic account of the self-constitution of the I in the form of an ordered description of the various acts of thinking that are presupposed by the act of thinking the I"; Posesorski 2012, p. 81: "Pragmatische Geschichte des menschlichen Geistes designates reason's timeless course of production of the different levels of the a priori system of all knowledge, which are exclusively uncovered and portrayed genetically by personal self-conscious reflection"; Breazeale 2013, p. 72.
↑ The principle of reciprocal determination (der Satz der Wechselbestimmbarkeit) is the principle that, according to Fichte (Wissenschaftslehre nova methodo, "Halle Nachschrift," 1796/1797), explicitly guides all philosophical reflection; it is derived from the reciprocally determinable relationship between the finite I and its other. In a similar way, Fichte had derived in his Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (publ. 1794/1795, paras. 1–2) the logical laws of identity and non-contradiction from the original positing and counter-positing of the I. (See Breazeale 2013, pp. 54–5.)
↑ Gesamtausgabe II/3: 24–25; Breazeale 2013, p. 198.
↑ Fichte, J. G., "Zweite Einleitung in die Wissenschaftslehre" ("Second Introduction to the Wissenschaftslehre"; 1797); Rocío Zambrana, Hegel's Theory of Intelligibility, University of Chicago Press, 2015, p. 151 n. 15.
↑ FTP, p. 365; Waibel, Breazeale, Rockmore 2010, p. 157; Breazeale 2013, pp. 354 and 404–439.
↑ Cf. KpV A219.
↑ Daniel Breazeale, Tom Rockmore (eds.), Fichte's Vocation of Man: New Interpretive and Critical Essays, SUNY Press, 2013, p. 195.
↑ "Fichte". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
↑ "Duden | Fichte | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition" (de ভাষাত). Duden. https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Fichte_Philosoph। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 October 2018. "Fịchte"
↑ Robert C. Solomon, In the Spirit of Hegel, Oxford University Press, p. 23.

[15] /ˈfɪxtə/;^[13] German: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtliːp ˈfɪçtə]^[14]

[1] "Fichte in Berlin to Schelling in Jena, May 31–August 7[8?], 1801," in: Michael Vater and David W. Wood (eds. and trs.), The Philosophical Rupture between Fichte and Schelling: Selected Texts and Correspondence (1800-1802), SUNY Press, 2012, p. 56.

[Breazeale_63-2] 1 2 "Review of Aenesidemus" ("Rezension des Aenesidemus", Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, 11–12 February 1794). Trans. Daniel Breazeale. In Breazeale, Daniel; Fichte, Johann (1993). Fichte: Early Philosophical Writings. Cornell University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 63. (See also: FTP, p. 46; Breazeale 1980–81, pp. 545–68; Breazeale and Rockmore 1994, p. 19; Breazeale 2013, pp. 36–37; Waibel, Breazeale, Rockmore 2010, p. 157: "Fichte believes that the I must be grasped as the unity of synthesis and analysis.")

[3] Daniel Breazeale, Tom Rockmore (eds.), Fichte's Vocation of Man: New Interpretive and Critical Essays, SUNY Press, 2013, p. 147.

[4] Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre, 1794/1795, p. 274.

[5] Breazeale 2013, pp. 305 and 308 n. 24.

[6] Gesamtausgabe I/2: 364–65; Daniel Breazeale, "Fichte's Conception of Philosophy as a "Pragmatic History of the Human Mind" and the Contributions of Kant, Platner, and Maimon," Journal of the History of Ideas, 62(4), Oct. 2001, pp. 685–703; Zöller 1998, p. 130 n. 30; Sedgwick 2007, p. 144 n. 33; Breazeale and Rockmore 2010, p. 50 n. 27: "Α »history of the human mind« is a genetic account of the self-constitution of the I in the form of an ordered description of the various acts of thinking that are presupposed by the act of thinking the I"; Posesorski 2012, p. 81: "Pragmatische Geschichte des menschlichen Geistes designates reason's timeless course of production of the different levels of the a priori system of all knowledge, which are exclusively uncovered and portrayed genetically by personal self-conscious reflection"; Breazeale 2013, p. 72.

[7] The principle of reciprocal determination (der Satz der Wechselbestimmbarkeit) is the principle that, according to Fichte (Wissenschaftslehre nova methodo, "Halle Nachschrift," 1796/1797), explicitly guides all philosophical reflection; it is derived from the reciprocally determinable relationship between the finite I and its other. In a similar way, Fichte had derived in his Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (publ. 1794/1795, paras. 1–2) the logical laws of identity and non-contradiction from the original positing and counter-positing of the I. (See Breazeale 2013, pp. 54–5.)

[8] Gesamtausgabe II/3: 24–25; Breazeale 2013, p. 198.

[9] Fichte, J. G., "Zweite Einleitung in die Wissenschaftslehre" ("Second Introduction to the Wissenschaftslehre"; 1797); Rocío Zambrana, Hegel's Theory of Intelligibility, University of Chicago Press, 2015, p. 151 n. 15.

[10] FTP, p. 365; Waibel, Breazeale, Rockmore 2010, p. 157; Breazeale 2013, pp. 354 and 404–439.

[11] Cf. KpV A219.

[12] Daniel Breazeale, Tom Rockmore (eds.), Fichte's Vocation of Man: New Interpretive and Critical Essays, SUNY Press, 2013, p. 195.

[13] "Fichte". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

[14] "Duden | Fichte | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition" (de ভাষাত). Duden. https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Fichte_Philosoph। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 October 2018. "Fịchte"

[16] Robert C. Solomon, In the Spirit of Hegel, Oxford University Press, p. 23.

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