ৱিকিপিডিয়া:নামস্থানৰ উৎস চাওক

{{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Infopage|WP:NS}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|WP:NS|Wikipedia:WikiProject Nova Scotia}}
{{Namespaces}}
A Wikipedia '''namespace''' is a set of Wikipedia pages whose names begin with a particular prefix recognized by the [[MediaWiki]] software (followed by a colon), or in the case of the ''main namespace'' have no such prefix. For example, the ''user namespace'' consists of all pages with names beginning "'''User:'''". Encyclopedia articles appear in the main namespace, with no prefix.

Wikipedia has 22 current namespaces: ten basic namespaces, each with a corresponding talk namespace; and two virtual namespaces. These are all listed in the box to the right. Note that the prefixes "Wikipedia:" and "Wikipedia&nbsp;talk:" can be abbreviated to "WP:" and "WT:" respectively when searching or making links (see [[#Aliases|Aliases]] below).

The table on the right shows what number to use when you want to hide pages that are on your watchlist. See: [[Wikipedia:Hide Pages in Watchlist]] for details.

== Basic namespaces ==

[[File:Policies and guidelines indicator.png|thumb|350px|This page is in the Wikipedia namespace.]]
Wikipedia's basic namespaces and their functions are listed below.
* '''[[Wikipedia:Main namespace|Main namespace]]''' (no prefix): contains all encyclopedia articles, lists, [[WP:DAB|disambiguation pages]], and encyclopedia [[WP:Redirect|redirects]]. Sometimes referred to as "mainspace".
* '''[[Wikipedia:Project namespace|Project namespace]]''' or '''Wikipedia namespace''' (prefix '''Wikipedia:'''): contains many types of pages connected with the Wikipedia project itself: information, policy, essays, processes, discussion, etc. The prefix can be shortened to '''WP:''' (see [[#Aliases|Aliases]] below), and there are many short redirects in the namespace written with capital letters that make pages easier to access, so for instance, [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary]] can be abbreviated [[WP:Wikipedia is not a dictionary]] or even just [[WP:WINAD]] (because [[Wikipedia:WINAD]] is a redirect).
* '''[[Wikipedia:Portal namespace|Portal namespace]]''' (prefix '''Portal:'''): for reader-oriented portals that help readers find articles related to a specific subject, and may contain links to encourage contributions to relevant [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProjects]]. See, for example, [[Portal:Cricket]] and [[Portal:Spaceflight]].
* '''[[Wikipedia:User page|User namespace]]''' (prefix '''User:'''): contains user pages and other pages created by individual users for their own personal use. Pages under this namespace can still be viewed and modified by others, so do not keep any of your sensitive data here.
* '''[[Wikipedia:File namespace|File namespace]]''' or '''[[Wikipedia:Image namespace|Image namespace]]''' (prefix '''File:'''): contains file description pages for image, videos or audio files, with links to the files themselves. See [[Special:Filelist]]. Since many files used in Wikipedia are housed at [[commons:main|Wikimedia Commons]], those files will not have local pages but instead mirror file pages from Commons. There are three versions of links to files:
*: <nowiki>[[File:Foobar.jpg]]</nowiki> will insert the image, video or audio directly into the page, except for audio [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|MIDI]] files where a text link to the description page will be inserted;
*: <nowiki>[[:File:Foobar.jpg]]</nowiki> will make a text link to the image, video or audio description page;
*: <nowiki>[[Media:Foobar.jpg]]</nowiki> will make a text link directly to the image or audio or video clip.
:If ''File:Barbaz.jpg'' exists as a [[WP:R|redirect]] to ''File:Foobar.jpg'', then <nowiki>[[File:Barbaz.jpg]]</nowiki> and <nowiki>[[:File:Barbaz.jpg]]</nowiki> will also work, but <nowiki>[[Media:Barbaz.jpg]]</nowiki> will not.
: The prefix '''Image:''' can be used instead of ''File:'' (see [[#Aliases|Aliases]] below).
* '''[[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki namespace]]''' (prefix '''MediaWiki:'''): a namespace containing interface texts, such as the links and messages that appear on automatically generated pages. Pages in this namespace are permanently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]]. For a list of these messages, see [[Special:AllMessages]].
* '''[[Wikipedia:Template namespace|Template namespace]]''' (prefix '''Template:'''): contains templates&nbsp;– pages that are intended primarily to be [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] or [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]] onto other pages to insert standard text or boxes such as infoboxes and navigation boxes.
* '''[[Wikipedia:Categorization|Category namespace]]''' (prefix '''Category:'''): contains category pages, which display a list of pages and subcategories that have been added to a particular category, and optional additional text.
* '''[[Wikipedia:Books|Book namespace]]''' (prefix '''Book:'''): contains entries for Wikipedia books, collections of articles about one theme, that can be used to generate downloadable files or printable documents
* '''[[WP:Help namespace|Help namespace]]''' (prefix '''Help:'''): contains pages which provide help in using Wikipedia and its software, both for users of the encyclopedia and for editors.

The basic namespaces are sometimes referred to as "''subject spaces''", especially in contrast to "''talk spaces''". For instance: "''File space is the subject space of the File talk space.''"

== Talk Mintu Saikia="Talk"></span><span id="Wikipedia talk"></span><span id="WT"></span> ==

Each of the above namespaces (but not the virtual namespaces) has an associated [[help:talk page|talk namespace]]—these are also known as "discussion" pages. The talk namespaces are designated by adding ''talk:'' to the normal prefix. For example, the talk namespace associated with the main article namespace has the prefix ''Talk:'', while the talk namespace associated with the user namespace has the prefix ''User talk:''. Most of the pages in the talk namespaces are used to discuss changes to the corresponding page in the associated namespace. Pages in the ''user talk'' namespace are used to leave messages for a particular user. The user talk namespace is special in that, whenever a user's talk page is edited, that user (if logged-in) will see a box saying "You have new messages" on the top every page that they view until they visit their talk page. (Minor edits made by [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bots]] no longer set off the new message bar.)

Note that the prefix '''WT:''' expands to '''Wikipedia talk:''', just as '''WP:''' expands to '''Wikipedia:''' (see [[#Aliases|Aliases]] below). For example, <nowiki>[[WT:Verifiability]]</nowiki> links to [[Wikipedia talk:Verifiability]].

== Virtual namespaces<span id="Special"></span> ==

There are two virtual namespaces that do not relate to pages stored in the database:

=== Special ===

The ''[[Help:Special page|Special:]]'' namespace consists of pages (called ''special pages'') that are created by the software on demand, such as [[Special:RecentChanges]]. These pages can be linked as usual, as <nowiki>[[Special:RecentChanges]]</nowiki>, except when they have parameters, when the full URL must be given like an external link. For example, {{SERVER}}/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchanges&days=3&limit=10, which returns the last ten changes.

You can create a [[Wikipedia:redirect|redirect]] to a Special page, but the redirect will not be followed automatically.

For a list of special pages, see [[Special:SpecialPages]].

=== Media ===

The ''Media:'' namespace can be used to link directly to a file, rather than to the file description page. It does not work on redirects: the link must be to the file's true name. See information above on the [[#Basic namespaces|File:]] namespace.

== Aliases ==
There are six aliases defined for namespaces: '''WP:''' and '''Project:''' (both for the "Wikipedia" namespace), '''WT:''' and '''Project talk:''' (both for the "Wikipedia talk" namespace), '''Image:''' (for the "File" namespace) and '''Image talk:''' (for the "File talk" namespace). All of these are case-insensitive.

If a link is made to a page title beginning with one of these strings, or if such a title is entered in the search box or used in a URL, the alias is automatically replaced by the true namespace prefix. Hence entering [[WP:Linking]] or [[Project:Linking]] is equivalent to entering [[Wikipedia:Linking]], and [[WT:Linking]] is equivalent to [[Wikipedia talk:Linking]]. 

Alias cannot be used as a prefix in page title, for example, you cannot create page ''WP:123''. It is possible to [[Wikipedia:Page name#Changing the displayed title|change displayed title]] on page ''Wikipedia:123'' to make it ''WP:123'' or ''Project:123''.

== Interwiki links ==
{{see|Wikipedia:InterWikimedia links|Help:Interlanguage links|Help:Interwiki linking}}

[[m:List of Wikipedias|Inter-language]] or [[m:Table of Wikimedia projects|interwiki]] prefixes do not define namespaces, but point to pages in other [[Wikimedia]] projects, outside the en.wikipedia.org website. They are mentioned here because they use a namespace-like prefix technique for linking. By default, that is unless combined with another in-project namespace prefix, they link to the ''main namespace'' of the related project. Examples of such prefixes include '''m:''' (or '''meta:''') for [[Meta-Wiki|Meta]], '''mw:''' for [[MediaWiki]], '''wikt:''' for [[Wiktionary]], '''fr:''' for French Wikipedia, '''de:''' for German Wikipedia, etc.

For example, [[m:Meta:Babel]] and [[meta:meta:Babel]] both link to the "Babel" page in the ''project namespace'' (second prefix) of the Meta-Wiki project (first prefix). Another example: [[wikt:fr:Discuter:pied/fusion daf]] links to the "pied/fusion daf" page in the ''talk'' namespace (3rd prefix) of ''French'' (2nd prefix) ''Wiktionary'' (1st prefix). When making links to other language Wikipedias, remember to add an initial colon if the link is intended to appear inline.

As with aliases, it is not possible to create a page with a title beginning with an interwiki or interlanguage prefix. This includes the prefixes '''w:''' and '''en:''', which are used in other projects to refer to English Wikipedia.

It is also not possible to create redirects to interwiki pages.

== Pseudo-namespaces ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Wikipedia:Glossary]] -->
If a page title contains a colon, but the prefix is not defined as a namespace in the software, then the page will be treated as belonging to the main namespace. However some such prefixes have acquired certain specialized uses, and are referred to as pseudo-namespaces.

The most common use of pseudo-namespaces is to make [[WP:Shortcut|shortcut]] redirects to pages in one of the basic namespaces. Prefixes sometimes used in this way include:
* '''[[Special:Prefixindex/P:|P:]]''' for shortcuts to pages in the [[Wikipedia:Portal namespace|Portal namespace]]
* '''[[Special:Prefixindex/H:|H:]]''' for shortcuts to pages in the [[Wikipedia:Help namespace|Help namespace]]
* '''[[Special:Prefixindex/T:|T:]]''' for shortcuts to pages in the [[Wikipedia:Template namespace|Template namespace]]
* '''[[Special:Prefixindex/CAT:|CAT:]]''' for shortcuts to pages in the [[Wikipedia:Category namespace|Category namespace]]
* '''[[Special:Prefixindex/MOS:|MOS:]]''' for shortcuts to pages in the Wikipedia namespace related to the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]

More possibilities are listed at [[Wikipedia:Shortcut#List of prefixes]]. For discussion of the appropriateness of redirects of this type, see [[Wikipedia:Cross-namespace redirects]].

There is also a '''Transwiki:''' pseudo-namespace, intended for temporary storage of articles being moved between Wikimedia projects. This is not currently in use on English Wikipedia (see [[Wikipedia:Transwiki log]]).

== Case insensitivity ==
Standard namespace names, aliases and interwiki prefixes are case insensitive. The same applies to the first character after the colon. Hence the following all link to the same page:
* [[Wikipedia:Afd]], [[WIKIPEDIA:Afd]], [[wIKIpedia:Afd]], [[wikipedia:afd]]
* [[wP:Afd]], [[wp:Afd]], [[WP:afd]]
* [[PROJECT:Afd]], [[project:Afd]], [[ProjecT:Afd]], [[Project:afd]]

== Namespace-dependent functionality ==

The following software functions and configurations are dependent on namespace:
* [[WP:Search|Search results]], listings of [[WP:Recent changes|recent changes]] and other [[Help:Special page|special page]] output (such as [[Special:AllPages]]) can be restricted to particular namespaces. (The namespace numbers that appear in the URL when this is done correspond to the variables in the table below.)
* The [[WP:Subpage|subpage]] feature can be enabled or disabled per namespace. It is currently disabled for the Main, File, MediaWiki and Category namespaces. But their talk spaces and all other namespaces have the subpage feature.
* The [[WP:Random article|random article]] feature is restricted by default to the main namespace.
* Pages in the category and file namespaces are automatically treated as [[WP:Category|category pages]] and [[WP:Image|file description pages]] respectively, and links to such pages behave in the corresponding non-standard ways.
* The template namespace is the default for [[WP:Transclusion|transclusion]] and substitution (the "Template:" prefix can be omitted when performing these operations).
* Messages can be made to appear above the edit box for particular namespaces (for example, in some talk namespaces a message is displayed warning that those talk pages may not be watched by many users).

== Programming ==
The 22 namespaces in Wikipedia are numbered for programming purposes. The prefix for each namespace is generated by a [[m:Help:Variable|variable]] in the form <nowiki>{{ns:</nowiki>''xx''}}, as shown in the table below.

{| border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable"
|-
!Namespace variable
!Result (namespace name)
!Namespace variable
!Result (namespace name)
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:-2}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:-2}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:-1}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:-1}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:0}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:0}} (main namespace, returns empty string)
|<nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:1}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:2}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:2}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:3}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:3}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:4}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:4}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:5}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:5}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:6}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:6}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:7}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:7}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:8}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:8}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:9}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:9}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:10}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:10}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:11}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:11}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:12}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:12}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:13}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:13}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:14}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:14}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:15}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:15}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:100}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:100}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:101}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:101}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ns:108}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:108}}
|<nowiki>{{ns:109}}</nowiki>
|{{ns:109}}
|}

Alternative variables are available for most namespaces, for example <nowiki>{{ns:talk}}</nowiki>, <nowiki>{{ns:user}}</nowiki>, and <nowiki>{{ns:user_talk}}</nowiki> for <nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki>, <nowiki>{{ns:2}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{ns:3}}</nowiki>. The portal and book namespaces (as well as their associated talk namespaces) are numbered in a higher range because they are not standard MediaWiki namespaces.

All namespaces with a positive number or zero in this list are searchable. Specifically, the {{ns:-2}} and {{ns:-1}} namespaces are not searchable.

The [[Help:Magic words|magic word]] <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki></code> returns the namespace prefix of the current page. This can be used in combination with other magic words and [[meta:Help:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] to change the appearance of [[WP:Template|templates]] depending on the namespace in which they are transcluded.

Meta-templates have been created to simplify this process. These include the simple template {{tl|main other}}, and the more complex and versatile {{tl|namespace detect}}.

For information on changing the appearance of a page or template by namespace based on CSS, see [[m:Help:Namespace#CSS based namespace detection|CSS-based namespace detection]] on the Meta help page.

== See also ==
* [[m:Help:Namespace|Meta help page on namespaces]], for general MediaWiki technical information


[[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া সংৰচনা]]