জলমণ্ডল

জলমণ্ডল (গ্ৰীক শব্দ: হাইড্ৰ’, “জল” আৰু স্পাইৰা, “মণ্ডল”) হৈছে ভূ-পৃষ্ঠত থকা সকলো সাগৰ-মহাসাগৰ, হ্ৰদ, নদ-নদী, ভূ-জল, অন্যান্য জলৰাশি, জলীয় বাষ্প আনকি গোটা অৱস্থাত থকা বৰফ, এই আটাইবোৰক একেলগে জলমণ্ডল বোলে। জলমণ্ডলে পৃথিৱীৰ পৃষ্ঠৰ প্ৰায় ৭১ শতাংশ ঠাই আগুৰি আছে। পৃথিৱীৰ জলমণ্ডল প্ৰায় ৪ বিলিয়ন বছৰ ধৰি বৰ্তি আছে। ^[1]^[2] মহাদেশীয় বিস্থাপন আৰু সমুদ্ৰতল প্ৰসাৰণৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ আকৃতি সঘনাই সলনি হৈ থাকে।^[3] বিশেষকৈ গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে বৰ্তমান পৃথিবীৰ জলমণ্ডলৰ আকৃতি দ্ৰুত গতিত পৰিবৰ্তন হ’বলৈ ধৰিছে।^[4]

তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ

↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, 'Hydrosphere': https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrosphere/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-hydrosphere
↑ Albarède, Francis; Blichert-Toft, Janne (November 2007). "The split fate of the early Earth, Mars, Venus, and Moon". Comptes Rendus Geoscience খণ্ড 339 (14–15): 917–927. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2007.09.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071307002593#!। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: March 26, 2020. "High d18O in ~4.4-Ga old zircons from Jack Hills (western Australia) strongly indicates the presence of material altered under low-or medium-temperature hydrous conditions in the source of their parent granites and is considered as strong evidence for the early presence of a hydrosphere".
↑ "Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change." Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change, by Fred T. Mackenzie, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, 2011, pp. 88–91.
↑ "How climate change is accelerating sea level rise.". https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-climate-change-is-accelerating-sea-level-rise। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 January 2022.

[1] Encyclopædia Britannica, 'Hydrosphere': https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrosphere/Origin-and-evolution-of-the-hydrosphere

[2] Albarède, Francis; Blichert-Toft, Janne (November 2007). "The split fate of the early Earth, Mars, Venus, and Moon". Comptes Rendus Geoscience খণ্ড 339 (14–15): 917–927. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2007.09.006. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071307002593#!। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: March 26, 2020. "High d18O in ~4.4-Ga old zircons from Jack Hills (western Australia) strongly indicates the presence of material altered under low-or medium-temperature hydrous conditions in the source of their parent granites and is considered as strong evidence for the early presence of a hydrosphere".

[Our_Changing_Planet_2011,_pp._88-3] "Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change." Our Changing Planet: an Introduction to Earth System Science and Global Environmental Change, by Fred T. Mackenzie, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, 2011, pp. 88–91.

[How_climate_change_is_accelerating_sea_level_rise-4] "How climate change is accelerating sea level rise.". https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-climate-change-is-accelerating-sea-level-rise। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 January 2022.

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