সাঁচ:Physical constants

অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ পৰা
(সাঁচ:Physconstৰ পৰা পুনঃনিৰ্দেশিত)
চমুপথ:
{{physconst}}

This template provides easy inclusion of the latest CODATA recommended values of physical constants in articles. It gives the most recent values published, and will be updated when newer values become available, which is typically every four years.

The values have been updated to the CODATA 2018 values. This includes the 2019 redefinition of SI base units, which made the values of several constants exact (e.g. e), whereas some previously exactly defined constants acquired an uncertainty (e.g. μ0).

Usage[সম্পাদনা কৰক]

Arguments[সম্পাদনা কৰক]

symbol
If set to yes, the value is preceded by the symbol of the constant, followed by ≈ or = depending on whether or not round is set.
round
If omitted, the value is shown along with its standard uncertainty. If set to an integer n, the value is rounded to the first n digits after the decimal point (retaining trailing zeros).
unit
If set to no, the unit of measurement is not shown.
ref
If set to no, no reference is given. If set to only, only the reference is given.
after
Text (e.g. punctuation) to be shown after the constant before the reference.
runc
If set to yes, this will provide only the relative standard uncertainty of the value and its reference.

Available constants[সম্পাদনা কৰক]

Code Constant Value Relative standard uncertainty
a0 Bohr radius a0 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(a0) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[1]
alpha fine-structure constant α = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(α) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[2]
A90 conventional ampere A90 = 1.00000008887... A ur(A90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[3]
atm standard atmosphere atm = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(atm) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[4]
bwien Wien wavelength displacement law constant b = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(b) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[5]
bwien' Wien frequency displacement law constant b′ = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(b′) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[6]
c speed of light c = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(c) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[7]
c1 first radiation constant c1 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(c1) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[8]
c1L first radiation constant for spectral radiance c1L = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(c1L) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[9]
c2 second radiation constant c2 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(c2) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[10]
C90 conventional coulomb C90 = 1.00000008887... C ur(C90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[11]
DnuCs hyperfine structure transition frequency of caesium-133 Δν(133Cs)hfs = 9192631770 Hz ur(Δν(133Cs)hfs) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[12]
e elementary charge e = 1.602176634×10−19 C ur(e) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[13]
Eh Hartree energy Eh = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(Eh) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[14]
EheV Hartree energy in eV Eh = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(Eh) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[15]
eps0 vacuum electric permittivity ε0 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(ε0) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[16]
eV electronvolt eV = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(eV) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[17]
F Faraday constant F = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(F) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[18]
F90 conventional farad F90 = 0.99999998220... F ur(F90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[19]
G gravitational constant G = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(G) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[20]
G0 conductance quantum G0 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(G0) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[21]
g0 standard acceleration of gravity g0 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(g0) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[22]
ge electron g-factor ge− = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(ge−) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[23]
GF/hbarc3 Fermi coupling constant GF/(ħc)3 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(GF/(ħc)3) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[24]
gmu muon g-factor gμ = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(gμ) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[25]
gp proton g-factor gp = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(gp) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[26]
h Planck constant h = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(h) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[27]
H90 conventional henry H90 = 1.00000001779... H ur(H90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[28]
hbar reduced Planck constant ħ = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(ħ) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[29]
h/2me quantum of circulation h/2me = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(h/2me) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[30]
invalpha inverse fine-structure constant 1/α = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(1/α) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[31]
invG0 inverse conductance quantum G0−1 = 12906.40372... Ω ur(G0−1) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[32]
k Boltzmann constant k = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(k) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[33]
ke Coulomb constant ke = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(ke) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[34]
KJ Josephson constant KJ = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(KJ) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[35]
KJ90 conventional value of Josephson constant KJ-90 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(KJ-90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[36]
lP Planck length lP = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(lP) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[37]
MC12 molar mass of carbon-12 M(12C) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(M(12C)) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[38]
me electron mass me = 9.1093837015(28)×10−31 kg ur(me) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[39]
mmu muon mass mμ = 1.883531627(42)×10−28 kg ur(mμ) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[40]
mn neutron mass mn = 1.67492749804(95)×10−27 kg ur(mn) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[41]
mnDa neutron mass in daltons mn = 1.00866491595(49) Da ur(mn) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[42]
mP Planck mass mP = 2.176435(24)×10−8 kg ur(mP) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[43]
mp proton mass mp = 1.67262192369(51)×10−27 kg ur(mp) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[44]
mpome proton-to-electron mass ratio mp/me = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(mp/me) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[45]
mtau tau mass mτ = 3.16754(21)×10−27 kg ur(mτ) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[46]
Mu molar mass constant Mu = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(Mu) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[47]
mu atomic mass constant mu = 1.66053906660(50)×10−27 kg ur(mu) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[48]
muc2 atomic mass constant energy equivalent muc2 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(muc2) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[49]
mueV atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV muc2 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(muc2) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[50]
mu0 vacuum magnetic permeability μ0 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(μ0) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[51]
muB Bohr magneton μB = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(μB) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[52]
muN nuclear magneton μN = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(μN) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[53]
mW/mZ W-to-Z mass ratio mW/mZ = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(mW/mZ) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[54]
NA Avogadro constant NA = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(NA) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[55]
NAh molar Planck constant NAh = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(NAh) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[56]
ohm90 conventional ohm Ω90 = 1.00000001779... Ω ur(Ω90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[57]
Phi0 magnetic flux quantum Φ0 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(Φ0) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[58]
R molar gas constant R = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(R) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[59]
re classical electron radius re = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(re) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[60]
Rinf Rydberg constant R∞ = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(R∞) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[61]
RK von Klitzing constant RK = 25812.80745... Ω ur(RK) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[62]
RK90 conventional value of von Klitzing constant RK-90 = 25812.807 Ω ur(RK-90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[63]
sigma Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(σ) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[64]
sigmae Thomson cross section σe = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(σe) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[65]
TP Planck temperature TP = 1.416785(16)×1032 K ur(TP) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[66]
tP Planck time tP = 5.391247(60)×10−44 s ur(tP) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[67]
V90 conventional volt V90 = 1.00000010666... V ur(V90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[68]
VmSi molar volume of silicon Vm(Si) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(Vm(Si)) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[69]
W90 conventional watt W90 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). ur(W90) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[70]
Z0 characteristic impedance of vacuum Z0 = 376.730313668(57) Ω ur(Z0) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[71]

Examples[সম্পাদনা কৰক]

{{Physical constants|c|unit=no|after= [[metre per second|metres per second]].}}

Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value). metres per second.[7]

{{Physical constants|mu0|symbol=yes}}

μ0 = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[51]

{{Physical constants|G|symbol=yes}}

G = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[20]

{{Physical constants|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}

ħ ≈ Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value).[29]

The relative standard uncertainty of ''m''<sub>u</sub> is {{Physical constants|mu|runc=yes|after=.}}

The relative standard uncertainty of mu is Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value)..[48]

For the electron mass, {{Physical constants|me|runc=yes|symbol=yes|ref=no}}.

For the electron mass, ur(me) = Lua error in Module:Convert at line 696: attempt to index local 'utable' (a nil value)..

NIST publishes the CODATA value of the [[elementary charge]].{{Physical constants|e|ref=only}}

NIST publishes the CODATA value of the elementary charge.[13]

See also[সম্পাদনা কৰক]

{{CODATA2010}}

References[সম্পাদনা কৰক]

  1. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bohrrada0। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  2. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?alph। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  3. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of ampere-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ampere90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-01. 
  4. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: standard atmosphere". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?stdatm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  5. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bwien। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  6. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Wien frequency displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bpwien। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "2018 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  8. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c11strc। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  9. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: first radiation constant for spectral radiance". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c1l। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  10. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: second radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c22ndrc। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  11. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of coulomb-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?charge90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-01. 
  12. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?nucs। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-08-18. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "2018 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  14. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Hartree energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?hr। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  15. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Hartree energy in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?hrev। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-09-01. 
  16. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  17. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?evj। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  18. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?f। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  19. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of farad-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?capacitance90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-01. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "2018 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  21. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?conqu2e2sh। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  22. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: standard acceleration of gravity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gn। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  23. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: electron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gem। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2020-03-13. 
  24. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  25. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: muon g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gmum। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  26. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: proton g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. June 2015. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gp। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-03-08. 
  27. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  28. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of henry-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?inductance90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-01. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "2018 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?hbar। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-08-28. 
  30. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: quantum of circulation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?qucirchs2me। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  31. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?alphinv। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  32. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: inverse of conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?invconqu। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  33. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  34. ↑ Derived from ke = 1/(4πε0) – "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  35. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?kjos। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  36. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?kj90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  37. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkl। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  38. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass of carbon-12". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mm12c। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  39. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  40. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: muon mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mmu। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  41. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-08-23. 
  42. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: neutron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mnu। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-08-23. 
  43. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  44. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  45. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mpsme। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  46. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: tau mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mtau। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  47. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: molar mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?u। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  49. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?uj। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-07-21. 
  50. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?muc2mev। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-07-21. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 "2018 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  52. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mub। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  53. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: nuclear magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mun। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  54. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: W to Z mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?rmwmz। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-12-21. 
  55. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  56. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: molar Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?nah। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  57. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of ohm-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ohm90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-01. 
  58. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?flxquhs2e। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  59. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  60. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: classical electron radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?re। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  61. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ryd। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  62. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?rk। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  63. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?rk90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  64. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Stefan–Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?sigma। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  65. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Thomson cross section". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?sigmae। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  66. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck temperature". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plktmp। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  67. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: Planck time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkt। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-05-20. 
  68. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of volt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?volt90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-01. 
  69. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: molar volume of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mvolsil। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-23. 
  70. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: conventional value of watt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?power90। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-06-01. 
  71. ↑ "2018 CODATA Value: characteristic impedance of vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. 20 May 2019. http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?z0। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2019-10-31. 
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