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একে-৪৭: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

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28 নং শাৰী: 28 নং শাৰী:
'''একে-৪৭''' ({{lang-en|}}) হ'ল এটা গেছ-পৰিচালিত [[:en:7.62×39mm|৭.৬২x৩৯মিমি]] [[:en:assault rifle|এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল]]। চোভিয়েট ৰাচিয়াৰ মিখাইল কালাচনিকভে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইন কৰিছিল। অফিচিয়েলি ''এভট'মেট কালাচনিকভ'' ({{lang-en|Avtomat Kalashnikova}}, {{lang-ru|'''А'''втомат '''К'''алашникова}}) বুলি জনা গৈছিল। hiBa| hup|iho hiBak '''কালাচনিকভ''', '''একে''' নামেৰেও জনা যায়। ২য় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ শেষৰফালে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইনৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হয়। ১৯৪৬ চনত একে-৪৬ প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি চোৱা হয়। ১৯৪৭ চনত কিছুসংখ্যক একে-৪৭ চোভিয়েট সেনাবাহিনীক ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে দিয়া হয়। আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত একে-৪৭ক চোভিয়েট সেনাই কাৰ্যকৰিভাবে গ্ৰহণ কৰে।{{sfnm|Monetchikov|2005|1p=67|Bolotin|1995|2p=129}}
'''একে-৪৭''' ({{lang-en|}}) হ'ল এটা গেছ-পৰিচালিত [[:en:7.62×39mm|৭.৬২x৩৯মিমি]] [[:en:assault rifle|এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল]]। চোভিয়েট ৰাচিয়াৰ মিখাইল কালাচনিকভে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইন কৰিছিল। অফিচিয়েলি ''এভট'মেট কালাচনিকভ'' ({{lang-en|Avtomat Kalashnikova}}, {{lang-ru|'''А'''втомат '''К'''алашникова}}) বুলি জনা গৈছিল। hiBa| hup|iho hiBak '''কালাচনিকভ''', '''একে''' নামেৰেও জনা যায়। ২য় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ শেষৰফালে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইনৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হয়। ১৯৪৬ চনত একে-৪৬ প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি চোৱা হয়। ১৯৪৭ চনত কিছুসংখ্যক একে-৪৭ চোভিয়েট সেনাবাহিনীক ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে দিয়া হয়। আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত একে-৪৭ক চোভিয়েট সেনাই কাৰ্যকৰিভাবে গ্ৰহণ কৰে।{{sfnm|Monetchikov|2005|1p=67|Bolotin|1995|2p=129}}


[[:en:StG 44|স্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪]]ৰ পাছতে একে-৪৭ প্ৰথম এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফলবোৰৰ এটা।<ref name=Zlobin>{{cite interview |last=Zlobin |first=Vladimir |subjectlink= |interviewer=Andrei Bondarenko |title=«Калашниковы» для XXI века |trans_title="Kalashnikovs" for the XXI century |language=Russian |newspaper=[[Krasnaya Zvezda]] |publication-date=15 February 2013 |issue=28 (26247) |pages=10–11 |editor-last=Yefimov |editor-first=N. N |url=http://redstar.ru/images/files/2013/02-2013/krz28_15.02.2013.pdf |format=PDF |oclc= |quote=If we talk about assault rifles in general, the AK-12 could be classified as fourth generation. This is my opinion as a gunmaker. First generation is Fyodorov Avtomat, second – AK-47 and the German MP43, third – AK-74.}}</ref> প্ৰথম ব্যবহাৰৰ প্ৰায় ৬ দশক পাচতো ই আতাইতকৈ বহুলভাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, কিয়নো ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন ব্যয় কম, বেছি দিন টিকে আৰু সহজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি। বহুতো দেশত ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন হয় আৰু নানান দেশৰ সেনা তথা অনান্য বাহিনীয়ে ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।
[[:en:StG 44|স্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪]]ৰ পাছতে একে-৪৭ প্ৰথম এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফলবোৰৰ এটা।<ref name=Zlobin>{{cite interview |last=Zlobin |first=Vladimir |subjectlink= |interviewer=Andrei Bondarenko |title=«Калашниковы» для XXI века |trans_title="Kalashnikovs" for the XXI century |language=Russian |newspaper=[[Krasnaya Zvezda]] |publication-date=15 February 2013 |issue=28 (26247) |pages=10–11 |editor-last=Yefimov |editor-first=N. N |url=http://redstar.ru/images/files/2013/02-2013/krz28_15.02.2013.pdf |format=PDF |oclc= |quote=If we talk about assault rifles in general, the AK-12 could be classified as fourth generation. This is my opinion as a gunmaker. First generation is Fyodorov Avtomat, second – AK-47 and the German MP43, third – AK-74.}}</ref> প্ৰথম ব্যবহাৰৰ প্ৰায় ৬ দশক পাচতো ই আটাইতকৈ বহুলভাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, কিয়নো ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন ব্যয় কম, বেছি দিন টিকে আৰু সহজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি। বহুতো দেশত ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন হয় আৰু নানান দেশৰ সেনা তথা অন্যান্য বাহিনীয়ে ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।


== ইতিহাস==
== ইতিহাস==
41 নং শাৰী: 41 নং শাৰী:
একে-৪৭ক পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী কিছু ৰাইফল প্ৰযুক্তিৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ বুলিব পাৰি। এম-১ কাৰ্বাইনৰ ট্ৰিগাৰ্, ৰেমিংটন মদেল্-৮ ৰাইফলৰ চেফতি-কেছ, স্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ৰ গেচ্-চিষ্টেম আদিৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ইয়াত দেখা যায়। অৱশ্যে কালাচনিকভে এই কথা মানি নলয়।
একে-৪৭ক পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী কিছু ৰাইফল প্ৰযুক্তিৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ বুলিব পাৰি। এম-১ কাৰ্বাইনৰ ট্ৰিগাৰ্, ৰেমিংটন মদেল্-৮ ৰাইফলৰ চেফতি-কেছ, স্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ৰ গেচ্-চিষ্টেম আদিৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ইয়াত দেখা যায়। অৱশ্যে কালাচনিকভে এই কথা মানি নলয়।


==ব্যৱহাৰকাৰী==
==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ==
[[File:Israel special forces.jpg|thumb|[[Israeli Special Forces]] soldier with an AK47. Large quantities of these weapons were captured by Israel from Arab stocks and some Israeli units were wholly equipped with it.<ref name=Laffin>{{cite book |last=Laffin |first=John |last2=Chappell |first2=Mike |authorlink=John Laffin |authorlink2=Michael Chappell |title=The Israeli Army in the Middle East Wars 1948–73 |page=21 |date=29 July 1982 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |series=Men at Arms |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jSuKRkUSWwcC |isbn=978-0-85045-450-5}}</ref>]]
{{Reflist}}
[[File:AK47map.svg|thumb|A map of states that use the AK. AK-47 operators are marked red, AK derivative operators are marked orange and modernized AK operators are marked pink.]]
{{div col|3}}
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
* {{Flagu|Afghanistan}}<ref name=washingtonpost>{{cite news |first=Larry |last=Kahaner |title=Weapon Of Mass Destruction |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=26 November 2006 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/24/AR2006112400788.html |accessdate=3 April 2010}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Albania}}<ref name=Jones>{{cite book |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Richard D. |editor2-last=Ness |editor2-first=Leland S. |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009–2010 |date=27 January 2009 |edition=35 |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A5ngPgAACAAJ |isbn=978-0-7106-2869-5}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Algeria}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Angola}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Armenia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Azerbaijan}}<ref name=Jones/><ref>{{cite web |last=St. John |first=Marshall |title=Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov and the AK-47 |work=Mouseguns.com |url=http://www.southernoutdoorlife.com/mouseguns/ak47info/ak47info.htm |accessdate=20 May 2012}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Bangladesh}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Belarus}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Benin}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Botswana}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Bulgaria}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Burkina Faso}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/burkina_faso_army_land_forces_ranks_combat_uniform/burkina_faso_army_defence_force_ranks_military_pattern_camouflage_combat_field_uniforms_dress_grades.html |title=Burkina Faso Army defence force ranks military pattern camouflage combat field uniforms dress grades - Army Recognition - Army Recognition |publisher=Armyrecognition.com |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://africadefensejournal.wordpress.com/2011/05/24/burkina-nouveau-mouvement-de-colere-des-militaires-a-ouagadougou/ |title=Burkina : nouveau mouvement de colère des militaires à Ouagadougou &#124; Africa Defense Journal |publisher=Africadefensejournal.wordpress.com |date=24 May 2011 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afrikitalia.it/burkina-faso-ces-mesures-presidentielles-qui-font-plaisir-a-larmee/ |title=Burkina Faso: Ces Mesures Présidentielles Qui Font Plaisir à l'Armée |publisher=: |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Burundi}}<ref>{{cite web|author=Franks Photos - Catching Up |url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/dvids/7591704762/ |title=Blending [Image 18 of 32&#93; &#124; Flickr - Photo Sharing! |publisher=Flickr |date=21 July 2012 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssrresourcecentre.org/2010/10/22/latest-edition-of-the-ssr-monitor-burundi-focuses-on-armed-forces-reform/ |title=Latest edition of the SSR Monitor: Burundi focuses on armed forces reform &#124; Security Sector Reform Resource Centre |publisher=Ssrresourcecentre.org |date=20 December 2013 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Cambodia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Cameroon}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ivarfjeld.com/2013/09/11/dozens-of-pentecostal-churches-being-shut-down-in-cameroon/ |title=Dozens of Pentecostal Churches being shut down in Cameroon &#124; News that matters |publisher=Ivarfjeld.com |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Sunday 29.12.2013 |url=http://www.crtv.cm/cont/nouvelles/nouvelles_sola_fr.php?idField=10126&table=nouvelles&sub=special |title=Nouvelles - CRTV |publisher=Crtv.cm |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Cape Verde}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Central African Republic}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Chad}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Chile}}<ref name=Gander>{{cite book |last=Gander |first=Terry J. |last2=Hogg |first2=Ian V. |authorlink2=Ian V. Hogg |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995–96 |date=1 May 1995 |edition=21 |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qSL8AAAACAAJ |isbn=978-0-7106-1241-0}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|People's Republic of China}}: [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56]] variant was used.<ref name=Miller>{{cite book |last=Miller |first=David M. O. |title=The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns |date=1 May 2001 |series=Illustrated Directory Series |publisher=Salamander Books |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GgpRPgAACAAJ |isbn=978-1-84065-245-1}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Comoros}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Republic of the Congo}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Cuba}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Djibouti}}<ref>{{cite web|author=roberthuffstutter |url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/usarmyafrica/5505821033/ |title=Djiboutian Army Quick Reaction Regiment trains at Ali Oune, Djibouti, February 2011 &#124; Flickr - Photo Sharing! |publisher=Flickr |date=22 December 2011 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/djibouti_army_ranks_military_combat_uniforms/djibouti_army_ranks_land_ground_forces_combat_field_uniforms_military_grades_uniformes_de.html |title=Djibouti Army ranks land ground forces combat field uniforms military grades uniformes de - Army Recognition - Army Recognition |publisher=Armyrecognition.com |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Egypt}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Eritrea}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Ethiopia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|El Salvador}}<ref name=http://www.elsalvador.com/mwedh/nota/nota_completa.asp/>
* {{Flagu|Finland}}: [[Rk 62]], [[Rk 95 Tp]].
* {{Flagu|Gabon}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Gambia}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Gambia |first=The |url=http://thegambiavoice.blogspot.ca/2011/05/members-of-gambia-armed-forces.html |title=Members of the Gambia Armed Forces (GAF)Missing For Months Families in Desperate Situation &#124; Gambia News and Commentary &#124; The Gambia voice |publisher=Thegambiavoice.blogspot.ca |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wow.gm/africa/gambia/fajara/article/2008/2/29/gaf-gpf-undergo-british-army-training-1 |title=GAF, GPF Undergo British Army Training - WOW Gambia |publisher=Wow.gm |date=1 March 2008 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statehouse.gm/army-recuits-gradu_300307.htm |title=Office of The Gambian President: State House Online: Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh |publisher=Statehouse.gm |date=30 March 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>http://kibaaro.com/gambia-army-pledge-support-to-ntcg-of-sidia-bayo/</ref>
* {{Flagu|Georgia}}:<ref name=Jones/> Replaced by the [[M4 carbine]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Georgian Army Bids Farewell to Soviet Guns |newspaper="Today Defence" supplement of "Georgia Today" |date=January 2008 |issue=7 |publisher=Georgia Today Ltd. |location=Tbilisi |url=http://www.mod.gov.ge/files/ijwtsgknrxgeo.pdf |accessdate=8 October 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231163645/http://mod.gov.ge/files/ijwtsgknrxgeo.pdf |archivedate=31 December 2010 |deadurl=yes |format=PDF |issn=1512-4304}}</ref>
* {{flag|East Germany}}<ref name=Popenker/>
* {{Flagu|Ghana}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/ghana_ghanaian_army_ranks_combat_uniforms/ghana_ghanaian_army_ranks_military_combat_field_uniforms_dress_grades_uniformes_combat_armee_ghana.html |title=Ghana Ghanaian Army ranks military combat field uniforms dress grades uniformes combat armee Ghana - Army Recognition - Army Recognition |publisher=Armyrecognition.com |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gbcghana.com/index.php?id=1.368921 |title=Ghana Armed Forces Inter-Service Sports Festival opens |publisher=Gbcghana.com |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Greece}}: [[Special Anti-Terrorist Unit (Greece)|EKAM]] counter-terrorist unit of the [[Hellenic Police]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Milosevic |first=Milan |title=Trojanski Konj za Teroriste |trans_title= |language=Serbian |year=2005 |work=Kalibar |publisher=[[Novosti AD]] |url=http://www.kalibar.rs/code/navigate.php?Id=74 |accessdate=4 April 2009<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Greece Ministry of Public Order Press Office: Special Anti-Terrorist Unit |date=July 2004 |publisher=[[Hellenic Police]] |url=http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/DOCS/Attachment11480_ENHMEROTIKO_EKAM_ENGL.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=27 September 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5rOg1WIHo |archivedate=21 July 2010 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Guinea}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Equatorial Guinea}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Guinea-Bissau}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Guyana}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Hungary}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|India}}:<ref name=Jones/> Used by [[Force One]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Maha's elite counter terror unit Force One becomes operational |date=25 November 2009 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |publisher=Business Standard Ltd |location=New Delhi |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/maha%5Cs-elite-counter-terror-unit-force-one-becomes-operational/377563/ |accessdate=5 July 2010 |oclc=496280002}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Iran}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Iraq}}<ref name=washingtonpost/><ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Ivory Coast}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/09/reluctant-farewell-to-arms-in-cote-divoire/ |title=Reluctant Farewell to Arms in Côte d’Ivoire - Inter Press Service |publisher=Ipsnews.net |date=22 September 2012 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2012/08/17/gunmen-attack-army-base-in-cote-divoire/ |title=Gunmen attack army base in Cote d’Ivoire – www.channelstv.com |publisher=Channelstv.com |date=17 August 2012 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=5285925&ct=7227769#.UmAaPhAcQ8Z |title=Faith helps Ivoirian general endure suffering, challenges |publisher=UMC.org |date=22 July 2009 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Kazakhstan}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Kenya}}<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XjdMPwvVWW4C&pg=PT13&dq|title=Kenya National Assembly Official Record|date=25 September 2007}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|North Korea}}: [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56]] and [[Type 58 assault rifle|Type 58]] variants were used.<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Laos}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Kuwait}}<ref>{{citation|title=United States Marine Corps Reserve Officers' Association|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kZKXOQlvccMC&pg=PA38|year=2000|publisher=Turner Publishing Company|isbn=978-1-56311-489-2|pages=38–}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Lebanon}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Liberia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Libya}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Macedonia}}<ref name=Jones/><ref>{{cite news |last=Nikolovski |first=Zoran |title=Macedonian military police, US National Guard conduct joint manoeuvres |date=12 October 2006 |newspaper=[[Southeast European Times]] |publisher=[[United States European Command]] |url=http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2006/10/12/feature-03 |accessdate=14 March 2011 |oclc=731936128}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Madagascar}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Mali}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Malta}}: [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56]] variant.<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Mauritania}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20110625-al-qaeda-camp-destroyed-mali-mauritania-aqim-terrorism |title=Mauritanian army destroys al Qaeda camp in Mali - France |publisher=France 24 |date=25 June 2011 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/features/2011/11/29/feature-04 |title=Nouakchott displays military might |publisher=Magharebia |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=By Taoufik MJAIED, James ANDRE |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20111028-reporters-mauritania-aqim-terrorism-france24 |title=International breaking news and headlines |publisher=France 24 |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Mexico}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Moldova}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Mongolia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Morocco}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Mozambique}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Myanmar}}: Used by the [[Myanmar Police Force]] (include the Chinese [[Type 56]]).{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* {{Flagu|Namibia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Netherlands}}{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}
* {{Flagu|Niger}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseimagery.mil/imagery.html#a=search&s=322nd%20Parachute%20Regiment&n=90&guid=b3feba8b8d594b98b11ac0da741e776e62c4d095 |title=Find Imagery |publisher=DefenseImagery.mil |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>http://www.hettwer.com/#/green-sahara---archeology/GUNS___B1Z5047__1_</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bozonette|first=Charlotte|title=Niger remains wary of Mali crisis on its doorstep|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/05/niger-conflict-mali-army|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 March 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Nigeria}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200610/02/eng20061002_308128.html |title=People's Daily Online - Nigeria to mass-produce Nigerian version of AK-47 rifles |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |date=2 October 2006 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dicon.gov.ng/military1.html |title=Defence Industry Corporation Of Nigeria (Dicon) Official Website |publisher=DICON |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://beegeagle.wordpress.com/2013/02/04/world-exclusive-nigerian-army-soldiers-in-maliinspiration-henry-a-beegeagles-blogger/ |title=World Exclusive: Nigerian Army Special Forces In Mali(Inspiration..Henry, A Beegeagle’S Blogger) &#124; Beegeagle'S Blog |publisher=Beegeagle.wordpress.com |date=4 February 2013 |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Pakistan}}: [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Army |publisher=Pakistan Defence |location=Indianapolis, IN |url=http://www.defence.pk/pakistan-army/ |accessdate=25 February 2013}}</ref> and [[AK-103]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Special Forces (Maritime) (Pakistan), Amphibious and special forces |date=28 June 2012 |work=Jane's Amphibious and Special Forces |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Amphibious-and-Special-Forces/Special-Forces-Maritime-Pakistan.html |accessdate=23 February 2013}}</ref> used.
* {{flag|Palestine}}<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Israel Aids Palestinians With Arms |date=5 September 2008 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |publisher= |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/06/world/middleeast/06mideast.html |accessdate=}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Peru}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Philippines}}: Used by the Santiago City PNP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Santiago city forms SWAT team to combat crime |date=2 September 2006 |publisher=[[Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)|Philippine Information Agency]] |url=http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&rp=1&fi=p060902.htm&no=3&date=09/02/2006 |accessdate=1 February 2010}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Poland}}:<ref name=Popenker/> Replaced by AKM and [[kbs wz. 1996 Beryl]].
* {{Flagu|Qatar}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Rhodesia}}<ref name="PTW">{{cite book | last = Rod Wells| authorlink = | title = Part-Time War|edition= 2011|page= 155 | publisher = Fern House| isbn= 978-1-902702-25-4}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Romania}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Russia}}:<ref name=Popenker/> Replaced by the [[AK-74]]M since 1974.
* {{Flagu|Rwanda}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/rwanda_armee_rwandaise_grades_uniformes_combat/rwanda_rwandan_army_ranks_land_ground_forces_combat_uniforms_military_equipment_rwandais_grades_unif.html |title=Rwanda Rwandan Army ranks land ground forces combat uniforms military equipment rwandais grades unif - Army Recognition - Army Recognition |publisher=Armyrecognition.com |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}<ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |title=Western Sahara – In the unforgiving deserts of south west Algeria, Nick Ryan meets the nomads fighting a 25 year battle |year=1999 |magazine=[[Geographical (magazine)|Geographical]] |issue= |publisher=[[Royal Geographical Society]] |url=http://www.nickryan.net/articles/sahara.html |accessdate=20 May 2012 |issn=0016-741X}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Sao Tome and Principe}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Senegal}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/africom/4597959610/ |title=AFRICOM: 106th SOAR (A) Trains with Senegalese: &#124; Flickr - Photo Sharing! |publisher=Flickr |date= |accessdate=29 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{Flagu|Serbia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Seychelles}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Sierra Leone}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Slovenia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Somalia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|South Africa}}: Used by the [[South African Special Forces Brigade|Special Forces Brigade]].<ref name="Jock">{{cite book | last = Harry McCallion| authorlink = | title = Killing Zone|edition= 11 April 1996|pages= 13–281 | publisher = Bloomsbury Paperbacks| isbn= 0-7475-2567-6}}</ref>
* {{flag|Soviet Union}}: Adopted in 1949.{{sfnm|Monetchikov|2005|1p=67|Bolotin|1995|2p=129}}
* {{Flagu|Sri Lanka}}: [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56]] variant.<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Sudan}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{flag|South Sudan}}{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}
* {{Flagu|Suriname}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Syria}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Tajikistan}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Tanzania}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Togo}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Turkey}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Turkmenistan}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Uganda}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Ukraine}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|UAE}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Uzbekistan}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Vietnam}}: [[Type 56 assault rifle|Type 56]] variant was used extensively by the [[Viet Cong]].<ref name=Miller/>
* {{Flagu|Yemen}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{flag|Yugoslavia}}<ref name=Popenker/>
* {{Flagu|Zambia}}<ref name=Jones/>
* {{Flagu|Zimbabwe}}<ref name=Jones/>
{{div col end}}


==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ==
==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ==
{{Reflist|group=N}}
# [http://www.izhmash.ru/eng/product/akm.shtml উ‍ৎপাদনকাৰীৰ ৱেবচাইত]
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}


==Bibliography==
# [http://kalashnikov.guns.ru/ কালাচনিকভৰ ৱেবচাইত]
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Gulevich |editor-first=I. D. |title=НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АК |trans_title=7.62 mm AK |language=Russian |year=1967 |edition=3 |publisher=[[Voenizdat]] |location=Moscow |url=http://weapon.at.ua/blog/2011-07-14-570 |ref={{sfnref|НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АК|1967|pp=161–162}}}}
* Honeycutt Jr, Fred L. and Anthony, Patt F. ''Military Rifles of Japan.'' (1996) ''Fifth Edition'', 8th printing; Julin Books. ISBN 0-9623208-7-0.
* {{cite book |editor-last=Vilchinsky |editor-first=I. K. |title=НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АКМ (АКМС) |trans_title=7.62 mm AKM (AKMS) |language=Russian |year=1983 |edition=3 |publisher=[[Voenizdat]] |location=Moscow |url=http://militera.lib.ru/manuals/nastav_akm/index.html |ref={{sfnref|НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АКМ (АКМС)|1983|pp=149–150}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Monetchikov |first=Sergei Borisovich |title=История русского автомата |trans_title=The History of Russian Assault Rifle |series=Entsiklopediya Russkoi Armii |language=Russian |year=2005 |publisher=Izdatel'stvo "Atlant 44" |location= |url=http://www.rulit.net/books/istoriya-russkogo-avtomata-read-249341-1.html |isbn=5-98655-006-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Bolotin |first=David Naumovich |title=История советского стрелкового оружия и патронов |trans_title=The History of Soviet Small-arms and Ammunition |series=Voyenno-Istoricheskaya Biblioteka |publisher=Poligon |location=Saint Petersburg |year=1995 |url=http://www.shooting-ua.com/dop_arhiv/dop_2/books/Istor_sovet_orujiya.pdf |format=PDF |language=Russian |isbn=5-85503-072-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |last=Killicoat |first=Phillip |title=Weaponomics: The Global Market for Assault Rifles |work=World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4202 (Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 10) |publisher=[[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] |date=April 2007 |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/04/13/000016406_20070413145045/Rendered/PDF/wps4202.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=3 April 2010 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Ezell |first=Edward |authorlink=Edward Ezell |title=The AK47 story: evolution of the Kalashnikov weapons |date=1 March 1986 |publisher=[[Stackpole Books]] |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LsYqAQAAMAAJ |isbn=978-0-8117-0916-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Kahaner |first=Larry |title=AK-47: the weapon that changed the face of war |year=2007 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oBAhAQAAIAAJ |isbn=978-0-471-72641-8 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Poyer |first=Joe |authorlink=Joe Poyer |title=The AK-47 and AK-74 Kalashnikov Rifles and Their Variations: A Shooter's and Collector's Guide |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=North Cape Publications |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EPArOwAACAAJ |isbn=978-1-882391-41-7 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon |title=The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series assault rifles |date=24 May 2011 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qK9Nn-2xocUC |isbn=978-1-84908-835-0 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}


==লগতে পঢ়ক==
;গ্ৰন্থ
* {{cite book |last=Shilin |first=Valery |last2=Cutshaw |first2=Charlie |title=Legends and Reality of the AK: A Behind-The Scenes Look at the History, Design, and Impact of the Kalashnikov Family of Weapons |date=1 March 2000 |publisher=[[Paladin Press]] |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=U3kIAAAACAAJ |isbn=978-1-58160-069-8}}
* {{cite book| last = Ezell| first = Edward Clinton|author2= R. Blake Stevens| title = Kalashnikov: The Arms and the Man| date = 1 December 2001| publisher = Collector Grade Publications| location = Cobourg, ON| isbn = 978-0-88935-267-4 }}
* {{cite book| author = Michael Hodges| title = Ak47: The Story of the People's Gun| url = http://books.google.com/?id=j82yAAAACAAJ| date = January 2007| publisher = Hodder & Stoughton| isbn = 978-0-340-92104-3 }}
* {{cite book| author = Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov|author2= Elena Joly| title = The gun that changed the world| url = http://books.google.com/?id=CY2HlLDiaNwC| year = 2006| publisher = Polity Press| isbn = 978-0-7456-3691-7 }}
* {{cite book| author = John Walter| title = Kalashnikov: machine pistols, assault rifles, and machine-guns, 1945 to the present| url = http://books.google.com/?id=XnybC2qSORAC| date = 4 September 1999| publisher = Greenhill Books/[[Lionel Leventhal]]| isbn = 978-1-85367-364-1 }}
* {{cite book| author = Chivers, C.J| title =The Gun |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=r3VwUEHoDikC&pg=PA459| publisher=Simon & Schuster| date=October 2010|isbn=978-0-7432-7076-2}}


; প্ৰবন্ধ
* [http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/11/ff_ak47/all/1 How the AK-47 Rewrote the Rules of Modern Warfare] – Three-part article by [[C. J. Chivers]], for ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired Magazine]]''
* ''Ружье. Оружие и амуниция'' 1999/3, pp.&nbsp;18–21 has an article about the AK-46 prototypes
* М.Т. Kalashnikov, "[http://www.kalashnikov.ru/upload/medialibrary/8c5/04_07.pdf Кто автор АК-47?]" (Who is the author of AK-47?) - an article rejecting some of the alternative theories as to the authorship of the AK-47, ''Kalashnikov'' magazine, 2002/2, pp.&nbsp;4–7 (in Russian)
* М. Degtyaryov, "[http://www.kalashnikov.ru/upload/medialibrary/910/018_023.pdf Неочевидное очевидное]" - an article comparing the internals of the StG 44 and AK-47, ''Kalashnikov'' magazine, 2009/4, pp.&nbsp;18–23 (in Russian)
* "[http://www.kalashnikov.ru/upload/medialibrary/499/018_022.pdf В преддверии юбилея...]" Transcription of the commission report on the testing round from the summer of 1947; no winner was selected at this point, but the commission held Kalashnikov's, Dementiev's and Bulkin's designs as most closely satisfying TTT number 3131. ''Kalashnikov'' magazine, 2009/8, pp.&nbsp;18–22 (in Russian)
* "[http://www.kalashnikov.ru/upload/medialibrary/843/016_022.pdf Путёвка в жизнь]" Report/letter on the final round of testing, 27 December 1947, declaring Kalashnikov's design the winner. ''Kalashnikov'' magazine, 2009/9, pp.&nbsp;16–22 (in Russian)
* Articles on the 1948 military trials: "[http://www.kalashnikov.ru/upload/medialibrary/b62/064_066.pdf На пути в войска]" and "[http://www.kalashnikov.ru/upload/medialibrary/c06/008_013.pdf ПЕРВЫЙ В ДИНАСТИИ]", ''Kalashnikov'' magazine, 2009/10-11
<!-- this source might be useful later* {{cite journal
| author = Fackler
| last2 = Surinchak
| year = 1984
| first2 = John S.
| last3 = Malinowski
| first3 = John A.
| last4 = Bowen
| first4 = Robert E.
| title = Wounding potential of the Russian AK-74 assault rifle
| journal = Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care
| volume = 24
| pages = 263–6
| doi = 10.1097/00005373-198403000-00014
| issue = 3
}}-->

==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ==
{{commons|AK-47}}
* [http://www.izhmash.ru/eng/product/akm.shtml Manufacturer's Official Site]
* [http://kalashnikov.guns.ru/ AK Site – Kalashnikov Home Page] {{Wayback |date=20070929102901 |url=http://kalashnikov.guns.ru/ |title=(Mirror) }}
* [[s:AK-47 Operator's Manual|US Army Operator's Manual for the AK-47 Assault Rifle]]
* [http://www.nazarian.no/images/wep/284_US_Army_AK47.pdf Nazarian's Gun's Recognition Guide (MANUAL) AK 47 Manual (.pdf)]
* [http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1964810,00.html The Timeless, Ubiquitous AK-47] – slideshow by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine
* [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6539945 AK-47: The Weapon Changed the Face of War] – audio report by ''[[NPR]]''
* [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130493013 The AK-47: The Gun That Changed The Battlefield] – audio report by ''[[NPR]]''
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=na2_Nw31BBI AK-47 Documentary: Part 1] & [http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=PB1VuBWTyvY Part 2] by ''[[Al Jazeera English]]''
* [https://archive.org/details/AkmAk-47TypeFullAutoIraqU.s.Army AK-47 Full Auto, U.S. Army in Iraq] from the ''[[Internet Archive]]''


[[শ্ৰেণী:যন্ত্ৰ]]
[[শ্ৰেণী:যন্ত্ৰ]]

09:40, 31 May 2014ৰ সংস্কৰণ

একে-৪৭

এটা একে-৪৭
প্ৰকাৰ এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল
উদ্ভাৱনকৰ্তা চোভিয়েট য়ুনিয়ন
ব্যৱহাৰৰ ইতিহাস
ব্যৱহাৰকাল ১৯৪৯-বৰ্তমানলৈ
উৎপাদনৰ ইতিহাস
নক্সাকৰ্তা মিখাইল কালাচনিকভ্
নক্সা প্ৰস্তুত ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৭[1]
উৎপাদন কৰ্তা ইজমাশ্ব
উৎপাদনৰ সময় ১৯৪৯–১৯৫৯[2]
উৎপাদন সংখ্যা প্ৰায় ৭৫০ কোটি[3][4]
তথ্যৱলী
ওজন মেগ্‌জিনৰ অবিহনে:
৩.৪৭ কেজি (৭.৭ পাউণ্ড) AK[5]
২.৯৩ কেজি (৬.৫ পাউণ্ড) AKM[6][N 1]
Magazine, empty:
০.৪৩ কেজি (০.৯৫ পাউণ্ড) (early issue)[5]
০.৩৩ কেজি (০.৭৩ পাউণ্ড) (steel)[6]
০.২৫ কেজি (০.৫৫ পাউণ্ড) (plastic)[7]
০.১৭ কেজি (০.৩৭ পাউণ্ড) (light alloy)[6]
Ammo weight:
16.3 g × 30 = ০.৪৯ কেজি (১.১ পাউণ্ড)[8]
দৈৰ্ঘ্য 880 mm (35 in) fixed wooden stock[উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন]
875 mm (34.4 in) folding stock extended[উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন]
645 mm (25.4 in) stock folded[5]
বেৰেলৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য 415 mm (16.3 in) total[5]
369 mm (14.5 in) rifled[5]
কাৰ্টিজ 7.62×39mm M43/M67
কাৰ্যপদ্ধতি/একশ্যন গেছ-চালিত
গুলিৰ হাৰ ৬০০ৰাউণ্ড প্ৰতি মিনিট [5] practical
40 rounds/min semi-automatic[5]
100 rounds/min fully automatic[5]
নিক্ষেপণ বেগ সাঁচ:Convert/m/s[5]
কাৰ্যকৰ পাল্লা ৪০০ মিটাৰ (440 yd) (অৰ্ধ-স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়) [9]
৩০০ মিটাৰ (330 yd) (স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়) [9]
ফিডিং Standard magazine capacity is 30 rounds;[5] there are also 5- 10-, 20- and 40-round box and 75- and 100-round drum magazines
ছাইট Adjustable iron sights with a 378 mm (14.9 in) sight radius:[5]
100–800 m adjustments (AK)[5]
100–1000 m adjustments (AKM)[7]

একে-৪৭ (ইংৰাজী: ) হ'ল এটা গেছ-পৰিচালিত ৭.৬২x৩৯মিমি এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল। চোভিয়েট ৰাচিয়াৰ মিখাইল কালাচনিকভে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইন কৰিছিল। অফিচিয়েলি এভট'মেট কালাচনিকভ (ইংৰাজী: Avtomat Kalashnikova, ৰুছ: Автомат Калашникова) বুলি জনা গৈছিল। hiBa| hup|iho hiBak কালাচনিকভ, একে নামেৰেও জনা যায়। ২য় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ শেষৰফালে ইয়াৰ ডিজাইনৰ কাম আৰম্ভ হয়। ১৯৪৬ চনত একে-৪৬ প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি চোৱা হয়। ১৯৪৭ চনত কিছুসংখ্যক একে-৪৭ চোভিয়েট সেনাবাহিনীক ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে দিয়া হয়। আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত একে-৪৭ক চোভিয়েট সেনাই কাৰ্যকৰিভাবে গ্ৰহণ কৰে।[10]

স্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ৰ পাছতে একে-৪৭ প্ৰথম এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফলবোৰৰ এটা।[11] প্ৰথম ব্যবহাৰৰ প্ৰায় ৬ দশক পাচতো ই আটাইতকৈ বহুলভাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, কিয়নো ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন ব্যয় কম, বেছি দিন টিকে আৰু সহজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি। বহুতো দেশত ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন হয় আৰু নানান দেশৰ সেনা তথা অন্যান্য বাহিনীয়ে ইয়াক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।

ইতিহাস

ডিজাইনৰ পটভুমি

২য় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত জাৰ্মানসকলে এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফলৰ ধাৰণাতো আনে। এই কথা দেখা গৈছিল যে বেছিভাগ গুলিয়া-গুলি কম দূৰত্ব অৰ্থাৎ প্ৰায় ৩০০মিটাৰৰ মাজতে হয়। সেয়ে তেওঁলোকে বেছি গুলি থকা মেগ্‌জিন আৰু মধ্যম ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন কাৰ্ট্ৰিজৰ সৈতে এটা ৰাইফল বিছাৰিলে। যুদ্ধৰ শেষৰফালে জাৰ্মান সেনাই স্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ লয়।

ব্ৰায়নস্কৰ যুদ্ধক্ষেত্ৰত আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ চিকিৎস্যালয়ত থকাৰ সময়ত মিখাইল কালাচনিকভে অস্ত্ৰ-ডিজাইনাৰ হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে।[4][12] চোভিয়েট সেনাই সেমেকা, বোকাময় আৰু বৰফভৰা ঠাইত ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে এটা ৰাইফল বিছাৰিছিল। কালাচনিকভে আমেৰিকান এম্-১ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি এটা কাৰ্বাইন ডিজাইন কৰে, কিন্তু অন্য এটা কাৰ্বাইনহে বাচনি কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ পাচতে চোভিয়েট সেনাই এটা এচ্চাল্ট ৰাইফল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ বিছাৰিলে। ইয়াৰ বাবে হোৱা প্ৰতিযোগিতাত কালাচনিকভৰ দলে এটি গেচ-পৰিচালিত ৰাইফলৰ ডিজাইন প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে।

কালচনিকভৰ ৰাইফল এই প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ২য় ৰাউণ্ডৰ বাবে বাচনি কৰা হয়। ১৯৪৬ চনত কালাচনিকভৰ সহযোগি আলেকজাণ্ডাৰ জাইতচেভৰ পৰামৰ্শমতে এই ডিজাইনৰ নানান সালসলনি কৰা হয়। অৱশেষত ১৯৪৯ চনত চোভিয়েট সেনাই একে-৪৭ক বহুলভাবে ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে গ্ৰহণ কৰে।

ডিজাইনৰ ধাৰণা

একে-৪৭ক পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী কিছু ৰাইফল প্ৰযুক্তিৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ বুলিব পাৰি। এম-১ কাৰ্বাইনৰ ট্ৰিগাৰ্, ৰেমিংটন মদেল্-৮ ৰাইফলৰ চেফতি-কেছ, স্ট্ৰামগৱেৰ্-৪৪ৰ গেচ্-চিষ্টেম আদিৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ইয়াত দেখা যায়। অৱশ্যে কালাচনিকভে এই কথা মানি নলয়।

ব্যৱহাৰকাৰী

Israeli Special Forces soldier with an AK47. Large quantities of these weapons were captured by Israel from Arab stocks and some Israeli units were wholly equipped with it.[13]
A map of states that use the AK. AK-47 operators are marked red, AK derivative operators are marked orange and modernized AK operators are marked pink.
  •  আফগানিস্তান[14]
  •  আলবেনিয়া[15]
  •  আলজেৰিয়া[15]
  •  আংগলা[15]
  •  আৰ্মেনিয়া[15]
  •  আজেৰবাইজান[15][16]
  •  বাংলাদেশ[15]
  •  বেলাৰুছ[15]
  •  বেনিন[15]
  •  বচনিয়া আৰু হাৰজেগ’ভিনা[15]
  •  বৎচোৱানা[15]
  •  বুলগেৰিয়া[15]
  •  বাৰ্কিনা ফাছো[17][18][19]
  •  বুৰুণ্ডী[20][21]
  •  কম্বোডিয়া[15]
  •  কেমেৰুন[22][23]
  •  কেপ ভাৰ্ডে[15]
  •  চেণ্ট্ৰেল আফ্ৰিকান ৰিপাব্লিক[15]
  •  চাদ[15]
  •  চিলি[24]
  •  গণচীন: Type 56 variant was used.[25]
  •  কম'ৰছ[15]
  •  কংগো গণৰাজ্য[15]
  •  কংগো গণৰাজ্য[15]
  •  কিউবা[15]
  •  দীজিবৌটি[26][27]
  •  ইজিপ্ত[15]
  •  এৰিট্ৰিয়া[15]
  •  ইথিঅ'পিয়া[15]
  •  এল চালভাড’ৰ[28]
  •  ফিনলেণ্ড: Rk 62, Rk 95 Tp.
  •  গেবন[15]
  •  গাম্বিয়া[29][30][31][32]
  •  জৰ্জিয়া (দেশ):[15] Replaced by the M4 carbine in 2008.[33]
  •  পূব জাৰ্মানী[2]
  •  ঘানা[34][35]
  •  গ্ৰীচ: EKAM counter-terrorist unit of the Hellenic Police.[36][37]
  •  গুইনিয়া[15]
  •  বিষুৱীয় গিনি

[15]

তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ

  1. ↑ AKMS is ~200 গ্ৰাম (0.44 পাউণ্ড) heavier.
  1. ↑ Monetchikov 2005, chpts. 6 and 7.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Popenker, Maksim (5 February 2009). "Kalashnikov AK (AK-47) AKS, AKM and AKMS assault rifles (USSR)". World Guns. Modern Firearms & Ammunition. http://world.guns.ru/assault/rus/ak-akm-e.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 March 2011. 
  3. ↑ Killicoat 2007, পৃষ্ঠা. 3.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "AK-47 Inventor Doesn't Lose Sleep Over Havoc Wrought With His Invention". FoxNews.com. প্ৰকাশক USA: News Corporation. 6 July 2007. OCLC 36334372. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,288456,00.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 April 2010. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АК 1967, পৃষ্ঠা. 161–162.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 НСД. 7,62-мм автомат АКМ (АКМС) 1983, পৃষ্ঠা. 149–150.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "AKM (AK-47) Kalashnikov modernized assault rifle, caliber 7.62mm". Izhmash. http://www.izhmash.ru/eng/product/akm.shtml। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 8 June 2012. 
  8. ↑ Land Forces Weapons: Export Catalogue. প্ৰকাশক Moscow: Rosoboronexport. 2003. পৃষ্ঠা. 85. OCLC 61406322. http://www.scribd.com/doc/30301368/Rosoboronexport-Land-Forces-Weapons-Catalogue. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shelford Bidwell et al. (25 February 1977). Bonds, Ray. ed. The Encyclopedia of land warfare in the 20th century. A Salamander book. প্ৰকাশক London; New York: Spring Books. পৃষ্ঠা. 199. ISBN 978-0-600-33145-2. OCLC 3414620. http://books.google.com/books?id=RuIgAQAAIAAJ. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Monetchikov 2005, পৃষ্ঠা. 67; Bolotin 1995, পৃষ্ঠা. 129.
  11. ↑ Zlobin, Vladimir (15 February 2013). "["Kalashnikovs" for the XXI century]". Yefimov, N. N. ed (Russian ভাষাত) (PDF). «Калашниковы» для XXI века. Andrei Bondarenkoৰ সৈতে সাক্ষাৎকাৰ. pp. 10–11. http://redstar.ru/images/files/2013/02-2013/krz28_15.02.2013.pdf. "If we talk about assault rifles in general, the AK-12 could be classified as fourth generation. This is my opinion as a gunmaker. First generation is Fyodorov Avtomat, second – AK-47 and the German MP43, third – AK-74.". 
  12. ↑ Bolotin 1995, পৃষ্ঠা. 123–124.
  13. ↑ Laffin, John; Chappell, Mike (29 July 1982). The Israeli Army in the Middle East Wars 1948–73. Men at Arms. Osprey Publishing. পৃষ্ঠা. 21. ISBN 978-0-85045-450-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=jSuKRkUSWwcC. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kahaner, Larry (26 November 2006). "Weapon Of Mass Destruction". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/24/AR2006112400788.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 3 April 2010. 
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.40 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 15.49 15.50 15.51 15.52 15.53 15.54 15.55 15.56 15.57 15.58 15.59 15.60 15.61 15.62 15.63 15.64 15.65 15.66 15.67 15.68 15.69 15.70 15.71 15.72 Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009–2010 (35 সম্পাদনা). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=A5ngPgAACAAJ. 
  16. ↑ St. John, Marshall. "Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov and the AK-47". Mouseguns.com. http://www.southernoutdoorlife.com/mouseguns/ak47info/ak47info.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 May 2012. 
  17. ↑ "Burkina Faso Army defence force ranks military pattern camouflage combat field uniforms dress grades - Army Recognition - Army Recognition". Armyrecognition.com. http://www.armyrecognition.com/burkina_faso_army_land_forces_ranks_combat_uniform/burkina_faso_army_defence_force_ranks_military_pattern_camouflage_combat_field_uniforms_dress_grades.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  18. ↑ "Burkina : nouveau mouvement de colère des militaires à Ouagadougou | Africa Defense Journal". Africadefensejournal.wordpress.com. 24 May 2011. http://africadefensejournal.wordpress.com/2011/05/24/burkina-nouveau-mouvement-de-colere-des-militaires-a-ouagadougou/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  19. ↑ "Burkina Faso: Ces Mesures Présidentielles Qui Font Plaisir à l'Armée". :. http://www.afrikitalia.it/burkina-faso-ces-mesures-presidentielles-qui-font-plaisir-a-larmee/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  20. ↑ Franks Photos - Catching Up (21 July 2012). "Blending [Image 18 of 32] | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/dvids/7591704762/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  21. ↑ "Latest edition of the SSR Monitor: Burundi focuses on armed forces reform | Security Sector Reform Resource Centre". Ssrresourcecentre.org. 20 December 2013. http://www.ssrresourcecentre.org/2010/10/22/latest-edition-of-the-ssr-monitor-burundi-focuses-on-armed-forces-reform/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  22. ↑ "Dozens of Pentecostal Churches being shut down in Cameroon | News that matters". Ivarfjeld.com. 11 September 2013. http://ivarfjeld.com/2013/09/11/dozens-of-pentecostal-churches-being-shut-down-in-cameroon/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  23. ↑ Sunday 29.12.2013. "Nouvelles - CRTV". Crtv.cm. http://www.crtv.cm/cont/nouvelles/nouvelles_sola_fr.php?idField=10126&table=nouvelles&sub=special। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  24. ↑ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V. (1 May 1995). Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995–96 (21 সম্পাদনা). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=qSL8AAAACAAJ. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Miller, David M. O. (1 May 2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. Illustrated Directory Series. Salamander Books. ISBN 978-1-84065-245-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=GgpRPgAACAAJ. 
  26. ↑ roberthuffstutter (22 December 2011). "Djiboutian Army Quick Reaction Regiment trains at Ali Oune, Djibouti, February 2011 | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/usarmyafrica/5505821033/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  27. ↑ "Djibouti Army ranks land ground forces combat field uniforms military grades uniformes de - Army Recognition - Army Recognition". Armyrecognition.com. http://www.armyrecognition.com/djibouti_army_ranks_military_combat_uniforms/djibouti_army_ranks_land_ground_forces_combat_field_uniforms_military_grades_uniformes_de.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  28. ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: অবৈধ <ref> টেগ; http://www.elsalvador.com/mwedh/nota/nota_completa.asp নামৰ refৰ বাবে কোনো পাঠ্য প্ৰদান কৰা হোৱা নাই
  29. ↑ Gambia, The. "Members of the Gambia Armed Forces (GAF)Missing For Months Families in Desperate Situation | Gambia News and Commentary | The Gambia voice". Thegambiavoice.blogspot.ca. http://thegambiavoice.blogspot.ca/2011/05/members-of-gambia-armed-forces.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  30. ↑ "GAF, GPF Undergo British Army Training - WOW Gambia". Wow.gm. 1 March 2008. http://wow.gm/africa/gambia/fajara/article/2008/2/29/gaf-gpf-undergo-british-army-training-1। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  31. ↑ "Office of The Gambian President: State House Online: Yahya A.J.J. Jammeh". Statehouse.gm. 30 March 2007. http://www.statehouse.gm/army-recuits-gradu_300307.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  32. ↑ http://kibaaro.com/gambia-army-pledge-support-to-ntcg-of-sidia-bayo/
  33. ↑ "Georgian Army Bids Farewell to Soviet Guns" (PDF). "Today Defence" supplement of "Georgia Today" (Tbilisi: Georgia Today Ltd.) (7). January 2008. ISSN 1512-4304. Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101231163645/http://mod.gov.ge/files/ijwtsgknrxgeo.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 8 October 2010. 
  34. ↑ "Ghana Ghanaian Army ranks military combat field uniforms dress grades uniformes combat armee Ghana - Army Recognition - Army Recognition". Armyrecognition.com. http://www.armyrecognition.com/ghana_ghanaian_army_ranks_combat_uniforms/ghana_ghanaian_army_ranks_military_combat_field_uniforms_dress_grades_uniformes_combat_armee_ghana.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  35. ↑ "Ghana Armed Forces Inter-Service Sports Festival opens". Gbcghana.com. http://www.gbcghana.com/index.php?id=1.368921। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  36. ↑ Milosevic, Milan (2005). "Trojanski Konj za Teroriste" (Serbian ভাষাত). Kalibar. Novosti AD. http://www.kalibar.rs/code/navigate.php?Id=74। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 4 April 2009. 
  37. ↑ "Greece Ministry of Public Order Press Office: Special Anti-Terrorist Unit" (PDF). Hellenic Police. July 2004. Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5rOg1WIHo। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 September 2009. 
  38. ↑ "Maha's elite counter terror unit Force One becomes operational". Business Standard (New Delhi: Business Standard Ltd). 25 November 2009. OCLC 496280002. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/maha%5Cs-elite-counter-terror-unit-force-one-becomes-operational/377563/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 5 July 2010. 
  39. ↑ "Reluctant Farewell to Arms in Côte d’Ivoire - Inter Press Service". Ipsnews.net. 22 September 2012. http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/09/reluctant-farewell-to-arms-in-cote-divoire/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  40. ↑ "Gunmen attack army base in Cote d’Ivoire – www.channelstv.com". Channelstv.com. 17 August 2012. http://www.channelstv.com/home/2012/08/17/gunmen-attack-army-base-in-cote-divoire/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  41. ↑ "Faith helps Ivoirian general endure suffering, challenges". UMC.org. 22 July 2009. http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=5285925&ct=7227769#.UmAaPhAcQ8Z। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  42. ↑ Kenya National Assembly Official Record. 25 September 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=XjdMPwvVWW4C&pg=PT13&dq. 
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  44. ↑ Nikolovski, Zoran (12 October 2006). "Macedonian military police, US National Guard conduct joint manoeuvres". Southeast European Times (United States European Command). OCLC 731936128. http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2006/10/12/feature-03। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 14 March 2011. 
  45. ↑ "Mauritanian army destroys al Qaeda camp in Mali - France". France 24. 25 June 2011. http://www.france24.com/en/20110625-al-qaeda-camp-destroyed-mali-mauritania-aqim-terrorism। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  46. ↑ "Nouakchott displays military might". Magharebia. http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/features/2011/11/29/feature-04। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  47. ↑ By Taoufik MJAIED, James ANDRE. "International breaking news and headlines". France 24. http://www.france24.com/en/20111028-reporters-mauritania-aqim-terrorism-france24। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
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  49. ↑ http://www.hettwer.com/#/green-sahara---archeology/GUNS___B1Z5047__1_
  50. ↑ Bozonette, Charlotte (5 March 2013). "Niger remains wary of Mali crisis on its doorstep". The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/05/niger-conflict-mali-army. 
  51. ↑ "People's Daily Online - Nigeria to mass-produce Nigerian version of AK-47 rifles". English.peopledaily.com.cn. 2 October 2006. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200610/02/eng20061002_308128.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  52. ↑ "Defence Industry Corporation Of Nigeria (Dicon) Official Website". DICON. http://www.dicon.gov.ng/military1.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  53. ↑ "World Exclusive: Nigerian Army Special Forces In Mali(Inspiration..Henry, A Beegeagle’S Blogger) | Beegeagle'S Blog". Beegeagle.wordpress.com. 4 February 2013. http://beegeagle.wordpress.com/2013/02/04/world-exclusive-nigerian-army-soldiers-in-maliinspiration-henry-a-beegeagles-blogger/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  54. ↑ "Pakistan Army". প্ৰকাশক Indianapolis, IN: Pakistan Defence. http://www.defence.pk/pakistan-army/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 25 February 2013. 
  55. ↑ "Special Forces (Maritime) (Pakistan), Amphibious and special forces". Jane's Amphibious and Special Forces. Jane's Information Group. 28 June 2012. http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Amphibious-and-Special-Forces/Special-Forces-Maritime-Pakistan.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 23 February 2013. 
  56. ↑ "Israel Aids Palestinians With Arms". The New York Times. 5 September 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/06/world/middleeast/06mideast.html. 
  57. ↑ "Santiago city forms SWAT team to combat crime". Philippine Information Agency. 2 September 2006. http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&rp=1&fi=p060902.htm&no=3&date=09/02/2006। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 February 2010. 
  58. ↑ Rod Wells. Part-Time War (2011 সম্পাদনা). Fern House. পৃষ্ঠা. 155. ISBN 978-1-902702-25-4. 
  59. ↑ "Rwanda Rwandan Army ranks land ground forces combat uniforms military equipment rwandais grades unif - Army Recognition - Army Recognition". Armyrecognition.com. http://www.armyrecognition.com/rwanda_armee_rwandaise_grades_uniformes_combat/rwanda_rwandan_army_ranks_land_ground_forces_combat_uniforms_military_equipment_rwandais_grades_unif.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  60. ↑ "Western Sahara – In the unforgiving deserts of south west Algeria, Nick Ryan meets the nomads fighting a 25 year battle". Geographical (Royal Geographical Society). 1999. ISSN 0016-741X. http://www.nickryan.net/articles/sahara.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 May 2012. 
  61. ↑ "AFRICOM: 106th SOAR (A) Trains with Senegalese: | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/africom/4597959610/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 29 December 2013. 
  62. ↑ Harry McCallion. Killing Zone (11 April 1996 সম্পাদনা). Bloomsbury Paperbacks. পৃষ্ঠা. 13–281. ISBN 0-7475-2567-6. 

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