বিহুৱতী চৰাই

বিহুৱতী চৰাই (Common Iora)
সংৰক্ষণ স্থিতি
	; কম উদ্বেগজনক (IUCN 3.1)
জীৱবৈজ্ঞানিক শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন
ৰাজ্য:	Animalia;
পৰ্ব:	Chordata;
শ্ৰেণী:	Aves;
বৰ্গ:	Passeriformes;
পৰিয়াল:	Aegithinidae;
গণ:	Aegithina ;
প্ৰজাতি:	A. tiphia;
বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম
	Aegithina tiphia; (Linnaeus, 1758)

বিহুৱতী চৰাই^[2] (ইংৰাজী: Common Iora, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-Aegithina tiphia) এবিধ সৰু আকাৰৰ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি। ই বিষুৱীয় অঞ্চলত, প্ৰধানকৈ এছিয়া মহাদেশত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে। i

বিৱৰণ

Ioras have a pointed and notched beak with a culmen that is straight. The Common Iora is sexually dimorphic, males in the breeding season have a black cap and back adding to a black wing and tail at all seasons. Females have greenish wings and an olive tail. The undersides of both are yellow and the two white bars on the wings of the male are particularly prominent in their breeding plumage. The males in breeding plumage have a very variable distribution of the black on the upperparts and can be confused with Marshall's Iora, however, the latter always has white tips to the tail.^[3]

টেক্স'নমি

ইয়াৰ বৰ্তমানলৈকে চিনাক্ত কৰা উপ-প্ৰজাতি সমূহ হ'ল-

The nominate subspecies is found along the Himalayas and males of this population are very similar to females or have only a small amount of black on the crown.
In northwestern India, septentrionalis is brighter yellow than others and
in the northern plains of India humei males in breeding plumage have a black cap and olive on the upper mantle.
In southwestern India and Sri Lanka multicolor has the breeding males with a jet black cap and mantle.^[3]^[4]^[5]

আচৰণ

বিহুৱতী চৰাইৰ মাত (সহায়·তথ্য)

খাদ্য

Ioras forage in trees in small groups, gleaning among the branches for insects. They sometimes join mixed species feeding flocks. The call is a mixture of churrs, chattering and whistles, and the song is a trilled wheeeee-tee. They may sometimes imitate the calls of other birds such as drongos.^[6]

প্ৰজনন

During the breeding season, mainly after the monsoons, the male performs an acrobatic courtship display, darting up into the air fluffing up all his feathers, especially those on the pale green rump, then spiralling down to the original perch. Once he lands, he spreads his tail and droops his wings.^[4] Two to four greenish white eggs are laid in a small and compact cup-shaped nest made out of grass and bound with cobwebs and placed in the fork of a tree. Both male and female incubate^[7] and eggs hatch after about 14 days. Nests predators include snakes, lizards, crow-pheasant and crows.^[8] Nests may also be brood-parasitized by the Banded Bay Cuckoo.^[9]

আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল

A. t. multicolor- Male in Hyderabad, India
A. t. multicolor- Male calling in Hyderabad, India.
A. t. multicolor- Male in Hyderabad, India.
A. t. multicolor- Male in Hyderabad, India.
A. t. multicolor- Female in Hyderabad, India.
A. t. multicolor- Female in Hyderabad, India.
A. t. multicolor- Female in Narsapur, Medak district, India.
A. t. multicolor- Male in Hyderabad, India.
A. t. multicolor- Female in Narsapur, Medak district, India.
A. t. multicolor- Male calling in Shamirpet, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Adult breeding male - Singapore
Adult breeding male - Singapore

তথ্যসূত্ৰ

↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Aegithina tiphia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/106006147। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 July 2012.
↑ N.N. Dutta et al, Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (5):374-384
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rasmussen PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. পৃষ্ঠা. 344–346.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Baker, ECS (1922). Fauna of British India. Birds. Volume 1 (2 সম্পাদনা). Taylor and Francis, London. পৃষ্ঠা. 339–343. http://www.archive.org/stream/faunaofbritishin01bake#page/339/mode/1up.
↑ {{cite journal|author=Wells, D.R., E.C. Dickinson & R.W.R.J. Dekker| title= Systematic notes on Asian birds. 34
↑ Bharos, A. M. K. (1998). "Mimicry by common Iora Aegithina tiphia". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. খণ্ড 95 (1): 116.
↑ Wesley,H Daniel (1984). "Frequency and duration of incubation of the eggs for Aegithina tiphia". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. খণ্ড 81 (1): 193–195.
↑ Ali,S (1931). "Casualties among the eggs and young of small birds". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. খণ্ড 34 (4): 1062–1067.
↑ Ali, S & SD Ripley (1996). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 6 (2 সম্পাদনা). Oxford University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 47–54.

বাহ্যিক সংযোগ

BirdLife Species Factsheet
Common Iora videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection

[IUCN2012-1] BirdLife International (2012). "Aegithina tiphia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/106006147। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 July 2012.

[2] N.N. Dutta et al, Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (5):374-384

[pcr-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rasmussen PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. পৃষ্ঠা. 344–346.

[fbi2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Baker, ECS (1922). Fauna of British India. Birds. Volume 1 (2 সম্পাদনা). Taylor and Francis, London. পৃষ্ঠা. 339–343. http://www.archive.org/stream/faunaofbritishin01bake#page/339/mode/1up.

[5] {{cite journal|author=Wells, D.R., E.C. Dickinson & R.W.R.J. Dekker| title= Systematic notes on Asian birds. 34

[6] Bharos, A. M. K. (1998). "Mimicry by common Iora Aegithina tiphia". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. খণ্ড 95 (1): 116.

[7] Wesley,H Daniel (1984). "Frequency and duration of incubation of the eggs for Aegithina tiphia". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. খণ্ড 81 (1): 193–195.

[8] Ali,S (1931). "Casualties among the eggs and young of small birds". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. খণ্ড 34 (4): 1062–1067.

[hbk-9] Ali, S & SD Ripley (1996). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 6 (2 সম্পাদনা). Oxford University Press. পৃষ্ঠা. 47–54.

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