সদস্য:Abazizfahad/খসড়া

আফগানিস্তান ইছলামি আমিৰাত
د افغانستان اسلامي امارت (**Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.**)
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আফগানিস্তান ইছলামি আমিৰাত د افغانستان اسلامي امارت (Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.); [দ্য আফ্গানিস্তান ইছ্লামি ইমাৰাত] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: দ) (help); امارت اسلامی افغانستان (Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.); [ইমাৰাত্-ই ইছ্লাম্-ই আফ্গানিস্তান] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1: ই) (help);
	পতাকা Emblem
	Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله; Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh; "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God." (Shahadah)
	Anthem: دا د باتورانو کور; "Dā Də Bātorāno Kor"; "This Is the Home of the Brave"
স্থিতি	UN member state under an unrecognized government
ৰাজধানী and largest city	Kabul; 34°31′N 69°11′E / 34.517°N 69.183°Eস্থানাংক: 34°31′N 69°11′E / 34.517°N 69.183°E
Official languages	Pashto; Dari;
Ethnic groups (2019 unofficial estimates)	42% Pashtun ; 27% Tajik ; সাঁচ:Figure space9% Hazara ; সাঁচ:Figure space9% Uzbek ; সাঁচ:Figure space4% Aimaq ; সাঁচ:Figure space3% Turkmen ; সাঁচ:Figure space2% Baloch ; সাঁচ:Figure space4% other ;
ধৰ্ম (2015)	99.7% Islam (official) ; 0.3% other ;
Demonym	Afghan
Government	Unitary totalitarian provisional theocratic Islamic emirate
• Supreme Leader	Hibatullah Akhundzada
• Prime Minister	Hasan Akhund (acting)
• Chief Justice	Abdul Hakim Haqqani
Legislature	None
Formation
• Hotak dynasty	1709–1738
• Durrani Empire	1747–1823
• Emirate	1823–1839
• Restoration of the Durrani Kingdom	1839–1842
• Restoration of the Emirate	1842–1926
• Dost Mohammad unites Afghanistan	27 May 1863
• Anglo-Afghan Agreement	26 May 1879
• Independence	19 August 1919
• Kingdom	9 June 1926
• Republic	17 July 1973
• Democratic Republic	27–28 April 1978
• Islamic State	28 April 1992
• Islamic Emirate	27 September 1996
• Islamic Republic	26 January 2004
• Restoration of Islamic Emirate	15 August 2021
Area
• Total	{{convert/numdisp/fracএক্সপ্ৰেছন ত্ৰুটী: অপৰিচিত বিৰামচিহ্ন কেৰেক্টাৰ "" \|652867\|এক্সপ্ৰেছন ত্ৰুটী: অপৰিচিত বিৰামচিহ্ন কেৰেক্টাৰ ""\|এক্সপ্ৰেছন ত্ৰুটী: অপৰিচিত বিৰামচিহ্ন কেৰেক্টাৰ ""\|652867}} বৰ্গ কি.মি. (এক্সপ্ৰেছন ত্ৰুটী: অবাঞ্চিত < অপাৰেটৰ বৰ্গ মাইল) (40th)
• Water (%)	negligible
Population
• 2023 estimate	39,232,003 (37th)
• Density	48.08 /কিমি২ (124.5 /বৰ্গ মাইল)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$81.007 billion
• Per capita	$2,459
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$20.136 billion
• Per capita	$611
HDI (2021)	0.478; low (180th)
Currency	Afghani (افغانى) (AFN)
Time zone	UTC+4:30; Lunar Calendar (Afghanistan Time)
	DST is not observed
Internet TLD	.af

↑ "Archived copy". http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 September 2021.
↑ Tharoor, Ishaan (19 June 2013). "The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/.
↑ [[[:সাঁচ:Geonameslink]] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [[[:সাঁচ:Geonamesabout]] Geonames.org (CC BY)]
↑ "Population Matters". 3 March 2016. https://afghanistan.unfpa.org/en/node/15230। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 18 September 2021.
↑ timesofindia (23 August 2021). "Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/afghanistans-ethnic-mosaic/articleshow/85552093.cms.
↑ World Population Review (19 September 2021). ""Afghanistan Population 2021"". https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/afghanistan-population.
↑ statista.com (20 August 2021). "Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020". https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258799/afghanistan-share-of-population-by-ethnic-group/.
↑ reliefweb.int (14 August 2011). "Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation". https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghan-ethnic-groups-brief-investigation.
↑ Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007).
↑ Dictionary.com. WordNet 3.0. Princeton University. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007). Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
↑ "Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. https://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 February 2013.
↑ Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. the Cambridge English Dictionary. ISBN 9781107660151. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/afghan.
↑
*Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs খণ্ড 9 (3): 383–401. doi:10.1177/23477970221130882. "Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.".
- Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/dysfunctional-centralization-and-growing-fragility-under-taliban-rule। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully."
- Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/omar-sadr-afghanistan-taliban-rule-totalitarianism-human-rights-news-2441/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime."
- "Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/dismantlement-of-the-taliban-regime-is-the-only-way-forward-for-afghanistan/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature."
- Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. https://extremism.gwu.edu/risks-facing-hazaras-taliban-ruled-afghanistan। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level."
↑
- Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021). "EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises". The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/international/571292-eu-provisional-taliban-government-does-not-fulfill-promises.
- Bezhan, Frud (7 September 2021). "Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government". Radio Farda (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty). https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-government-figures/31448372.html.
- George, Susannah (18 February 2023). "Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/afghanistan-taliban-islamic-law-rights/.
↑ "Letter dated 25 May 2022 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council". United Nations Security Council. 26 May 2022. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3975071/files/S_2022_419-EN.pdf?ln=en। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2 May 2023.
↑ Kraemer, Thomas (27 November 2022). "Afghanistan dispatch: Taliban leaders issue new orders on law-making process, enforcement of court orders from previous government". JURIST. https://www.jurist.org/news/2022/11/afghanistan-dispatch-taliban-leaders-issue-new-orders-on-law-making-process-enforcement-of-court-orders-from-previous-government/.
↑ Dawi, Akmal (28 March 2023). "Unseen Taliban Leader Wields Godlike Powers in Afghanistan". Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/a/unseen-taliban-leader-wields-godlike-powers-in-afghanistan-/7026112.html.
↑ Oxford Analytica (10 March 2023). "Senior Afghan Taliban figures move to curb leader". Expert Briefings. Emerald Expert Briefings. doi:10.1108/OXAN-DB276639. "[Akhundzada] has not convened the Taliban's Leadership Council (a 'politburo' of top leaders and commanders) for several months. Instead, he relies on the narrower Kandahar Council of Clerics for legal advice.".
↑ Central Statistics Office Afghanistan
↑ সাঁচ:Cite CIA World Factbook
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 ^21.3 "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=512,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 May 2023.
↑ Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World. United Nations Development Programme. 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 284. ISBN 9789211264517. https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 September 2022.
↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. পৃষ্ঠা. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 December 2020.
↑ "Half Hour and 45-Minute Time Zones". timeanddate.com. https://www.timeanddate.com/time/time-zones-interesting.html.
↑ "Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar". Hasht-e Subh Daily. 2022-03-26. https://8am.af/eng/taliban-changes-solar-year-to-hijri-lunar-calendar/.

উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: <ref> টেগ্‌সমূহ "টোকা" নামৰ এটা গোটৰ বাবে আছে, কিন্তু তাৰ <references group="টোকা"/> টেগ্‌ পোৱা নগ'ল

[1] "Archived copy". http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 September 2021.

[Tharoor-2] Tharoor, Ishaan (19 June 2013). "The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/.

[3] [[[:সাঁচ:Geonameslink]] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [[[:সাঁচ:Geonamesabout]] Geonames.org (CC BY)]

[Population_Matters-4] "Population Matters". 3 March 2016. https://afghanistan.unfpa.org/en/node/15230। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 18 September 2021.

[timesofindia-6] timesofindia (23 August 2021). "Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/afghanistans-ethnic-mosaic/articleshow/85552093.cms.

[:2-7] World Population Review (19 September 2021). ""Afghanistan Population 2021"". https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/afghanistan-population.

[8] statista.com (20 August 2021). "Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020". https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258799/afghanistan-share-of-population-by-ethnic-group/.

[reliefweb.int-9] reliefweb.int (14 August 2011). "Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation". https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghan-ethnic-groups-brief-investigation.

[10] Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007).

[11] Dictionary.com. WordNet 3.0. Princeton University. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007). Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine

[Constitution_of_Afghanistan-13] "Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. https://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 February 2013.

[14] Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. the Cambridge English Dictionary. ISBN 9781107660151. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/afghan.

[15] *Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs খণ্ড 9 (3): 383–401. doi:10.1177/23477970221130882. "Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.".
Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/dysfunctional-centralization-and-growing-fragility-under-taliban-rule। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully."

Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/omar-sadr-afghanistan-taliban-rule-totalitarianism-human-rights-news-2441/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime."

"Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/dismantlement-of-the-taliban-regime-is-the-only-way-forward-for-afghanistan/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature."

Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. https://extremism.gwu.edu/risks-facing-hazaras-taliban-ruled-afghanistan। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level."

[14] Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/dysfunctional-centralization-and-growing-fragility-under-taliban-rule। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully."

[15] Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. https://www.fairobserver.com/region/central_south_asia/omar-sadr-afghanistan-taliban-rule-totalitarianism-human-rights-news-2441/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime."

[16] "Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/dismantlement-of-the-taliban-regime-is-the-only-way-forward-for-afghanistan/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature."

[17] Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. https://extremism.gwu.edu/risks-facing-hazaras-taliban-ruled-afghanistan। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 28 November 2022. "In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level."

[16] 
Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021). "EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises". The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/international/571292-eu-provisional-taliban-government-does-not-fulfill-promises.

Bezhan, Frud (7 September 2021). "Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government". Radio Farda (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty). https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-government-figures/31448372.html.

George, Susannah (18 February 2023). "Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/afghanistan-taliban-islamic-law-rights/.

[19] Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021). "EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises". The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/international/571292-eu-provisional-taliban-government-does-not-fulfill-promises.

[20] Bezhan, Frud (7 September 2021). "Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government". Radio Farda (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty). https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-government-figures/31448372.html.

[21] George, Susannah (18 February 2023). "Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/afghanistan-taliban-islamic-law-rights/.

[17] "Letter dated 25 May 2022 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council". United Nations Security Council. 26 May 2022. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3975071/files/S_2022_419-EN.pdf?ln=en। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2 May 2023.

[18] Kraemer, Thomas (27 November 2022). "Afghanistan dispatch: Taliban leaders issue new orders on law-making process, enforcement of court orders from previous government". JURIST. https://www.jurist.org/news/2022/11/afghanistan-dispatch-taliban-leaders-issue-new-orders-on-law-making-process-enforcement-of-court-orders-from-previous-government/.

[19] Dawi, Akmal (28 March 2023). "Unseen Taliban Leader Wields Godlike Powers in Afghanistan". Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/a/unseen-taliban-leader-wields-godlike-powers-in-afghanistan-/7026112.html.

[20] Oxford Analytica (10 March 2023). "Senior Afghan Taliban figures move to curb leader". Expert Briefings. Emerald Expert Briefings. doi:10.1108/OXAN-DB276639. "[Akhundzada] has not convened the Taliban's Leadership Council (a 'politburo' of top leaders and commanders) for several months. Instead, he relies on the narrower Kandahar Council of Clerics for legal advice.".

[22] Central Statistics Office Afghanistan

[23] সাঁচ:Cite CIA World Factbook

[imf2-24] 21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 ^21.3 "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=512,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 1 May 2023.

[UNHDR-25] Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World. United Nations Development Programme. 2022. পৃষ্ঠা. 284. ISBN 9789211264517. https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 24 September 2022.

[UNHDRDiff-26] Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. পৃষ্ঠা. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 16 December 2020.

[27] "Half Hour and 45-Minute Time Zones". timeanddate.com. https://www.timeanddate.com/time/time-zones-interesting.html.

[28] "Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar". Hasht-e Subh Daily. 2022-03-26. https://8am.af/eng/taliban-changes-solar-year-to-hijri-lunar-calendar/.

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