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হংকং: বিভিন্ন সংশোধনসমূহৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য

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There are eight public and one private [[universities]] in Hong Kong, the oldest being the [[University of Hong Kong]] (HKU), established in 1910–1912.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hku.hk/about/university-history/the-early-years.html|title=History of HKU}}</ref> The [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]] was founded in 1963 to fulfill the need for a university with a medium of instruction of Chinese.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Report of the Fulton Commission, 1963: Commission to Advise on the Creation of a Federal-Type Chinese University in Hong Kong|journal=Minerva|date=Summer 1963|volume= 1|issue= 4|pages=493–507 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Report_of_the_Fulton_Commission_1963.html?id=ZjU4AAAAMAAJ |deadurl=no |accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref> Competition among students to receive an offer for an undergraduate programme is fierce as the annual number of intakes is limited, especially when some disciplines are offered by select [[tertiary education|tertiary institutions]], like [[MBBS|medicine]] which is provided by merely two [[medical school]]s in the territory, the [[Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine]] at the University of Hong Kong and the [[CUHK Medical School|Faculty of Medicine]] of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In addition to the public post-secondary institutions there are also a number of [[Higher Education in Hong Kong#Institutes|private higher institutions]] which offer higher diplomas and associate degree courses for those who fail to enter a college for a degree study so as to boost their qualification of education, some of whom can have a second chance of getting into a university if they have a good performance in these sub-degree courses.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-06-05/hong-kong-says-international-schools-can-t-meet-primary-demand|title=Hong Kong Says International Schools Can't Meet Primary Demand|first=Hwee Ann|last=Tan|date=5 June 2013|publisher=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|accessdate=9 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Global Tourism Higher Education: Past, Present, and Future|isbn=9781136448478|first=Cathy|last=Hsu|date=12 November 2012|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=139–142}}</ref>-->
There are eight public and one private [[universities]] in Hong Kong, the oldest being the [[University of Hong Kong]] (HKU), established in 1910–1912.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hku.hk/about/university-history/the-early-years.html|title=History of HKU}}</ref> The [[Chinese University of Hong Kong]] was founded in 1963 to fulfill the need for a university with a medium of instruction of Chinese.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Report of the Fulton Commission, 1963: Commission to Advise on the Creation of a Federal-Type Chinese University in Hong Kong|journal=Minerva|date=Summer 1963|volume= 1|issue= 4|pages=493–507 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Report_of_the_Fulton_Commission_1963.html?id=ZjU4AAAAMAAJ |deadurl=no |accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref> Competition among students to receive an offer for an undergraduate programme is fierce as the annual number of intakes is limited, especially when some disciplines are offered by select [[tertiary education|tertiary institutions]], like [[MBBS|medicine]] which is provided by merely two [[medical school]]s in the territory, the [[Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine]] at the University of Hong Kong and the [[CUHK Medical School|Faculty of Medicine]] of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In addition to the public post-secondary institutions there are also a number of [[Higher Education in Hong Kong#Institutes|private higher institutions]] which offer higher diplomas and associate degree courses for those who fail to enter a college for a degree study so as to boost their qualification of education, some of whom can have a second chance of getting into a university if they have a good performance in these sub-degree courses.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-06-05/hong-kong-says-international-schools-can-t-meet-primary-demand|title=Hong Kong Says International Schools Can't Meet Primary Demand|first=Hwee Ann|last=Tan|date=5 June 2013|publisher=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|accessdate=9 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Global Tourism Higher Education: Past, Present, and Future|isbn=9781136448478|first=Cathy|last=Hsu|date=12 November 2012|publisher=[[Routledge]]|pages=139–142}}</ref>-->


===স্বাস্থ্য===<!--
===স্বাস্থ্য===
⚫
হংকংত ১৩ খন ব্যক্তিগত চিকিৎসালয় আৰু প্ৰায় ৪০ খনতকৈও অধিক ৰাজহুৱা চিকিৎসালয় আছে।<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10084&Lang=ENG&Dimension=100&Parent_ID=10042 | title=Clusters, Hospitals &amp; Institutions | publisher=Hospital Authority | accessdate=9 May 2013}}</ref> ব্যক্তিগত আৰু ৰাজহুৱা স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাৰ মাজত কিছু আভ্যন্তৰিণ সমন্বয় আছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/hong-kong/practical-information/health |title=Health &amp; safety | publisher=Lonely Planet | accessdate=10 May 2013}}</ref> এই চিকিৎসালয়বোৰে এক বিশাল পৰিসৰৰ স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা উপলব্ধ কৰোৱাই আৰু ইয়াৰে কেইখনমান ব্যক্তিগত চিকিৎসালয়ৰ চিকিৎসাসেৱাৰ মান আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ বুলি বিবেচনা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.healthcareawards2012.theneweconomy.com/private-hospitals-in-hong-kong/ |title=Private Hospitals in Hong Kong | publisher=The New Economy | accessdate=9 May 2013}}</ref> <!--According to UN estimates, Hong Kong has one of the longest [[life expectancies]] of any country or territory in the world.<ref name="Life Expectancy Around the World"/> As of 2012, Hong Kong women are the [[List of countries by life expectancy|longest living]] demographic group in the world.<ref name="Huffington Post"/>-->
{{main|Health in Hong Kong}}
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There are 13 private hospitals and more than 40 public hospitals in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10084&Lang=ENG&Dimension=100&Parent_ID=10042 | title=Clusters, Hospitals &amp; Institutions | publisher=Hospital Authority | accessdate=9 May 2013}}</ref> There is little interaction between public and private healthcare.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/hong-kong/practical-information/health |title=Health &amp; safety | publisher=Lonely Planet | accessdate=10 May 2013}}</ref> The hospitals offer a wide range of healthcare services, and some of the territory's private hospitals are considered to be world class.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.healthcareawards2012.theneweconomy.com/private-hospitals-in-hong-kong/ |title=Private Hospitals in Hong Kong | publisher=The New Economy | accessdate=9 May 2013}}</ref> According to UN estimates, Hong Kong has one of the longest [[life expectancies]] of any country or territory in the world.<ref name="Life Expectancy Around the World"/> As of 2012, Hong Kong women are the [[List of countries by life expectancy|longest living]] demographic group in the world.<ref name="Huffington Post"/>


There are two medical schools in the territory, one based at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the other at the University of Hong Kong.<ref name="Milestones"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/ | title=Education | publisher=University of Hong Kong | accessdate=10 May 2013}}</ref> Both have links with public sector hospitals.<ref name="Milestones">{{cite web|url=http://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/v7/p5_10_10.htm |title=Milestones |publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong |accessdate=10 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20120923160319/http://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/v7/p5_10_10.htm |archivedate=23 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/internship/educational-objectives/ |title=Educational objectives | publisher=University of Hong Kong | accessdate=10 May 2013}}</ref> With respect to postgraduate education, traditionally many doctors in Hong Kong have looked overseas for further training, and many took British Royal College exams such as the MRCP(UK) and the MRCS(UK). However, Hong Kong has been developing its own postgraduate medical institutions, in particular the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, and this is gradually taking over the responsibility for all postgraduate medical training in the territory.
দেশখনত দুখন চিকিৎসা বিদ্যালয় আছে, এখন হংকঙৰ চীনা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু আনখন হংকং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অন্তৰ্গত।<ref name="Milestones"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/ | title=Education | publisher=University of Hong Kong | accessdate=10 May 2013}}</ref> ৰাজহুৱা চিকিৎসালয়ৰ লগত দুয়োখন অনুষ্ঠানৰে যোগসুত্ৰ আছে।<ref name="Milestones">{{cite web|url=http://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/v7/p5_10_10.htm |title=Milestones |publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong |accessdate=10 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20120923160319/http://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/v7/p5_10_10.htm |archivedate=23 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/internship/educational-objectives/ |title=Educational objectives | publisher=University of Hong Kong | accessdate=10 May 2013}}</ref> স্নাতকোত্তৰ শিক্ষাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত উন্নত প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ বাবে বহু চিকিৎকে বহিঃদেশলৈ গমন কৰে, আৰু বহুতে MRCP(UK) আৰু MRCS(UK)ৰ দৰে ব্ৰিটিছ ৰয়েল ক'লেজৰ পৰীক্ষাৰ বাবে প্ৰস্তুতি চলায়। যিকিনহওক, বৰ্তমান হংকংৰ নিজাকে চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতকোত্তৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান গঢ়ি উঠিছে। বিশেষকৈ হংকং একাডেমি অৱ মেডিচিন হৈছে এনে অনুষ্ঠানৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। এই অনুষ্ঠানখনে লাহে লাহে দেশখনৰ সকলো স্নাতকোত্তৰ মেডিকেল প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ দায়িত্ব বহন কৰিবলৈ অগ্ৰসৰ হৈছে। <!--


Since 2011, there have been growing concerns that mothers-to-be from mainland China, in a bid to obtain the right of abode in Hong Kong and the benefits that come with it, have saturated the neonatal wards of the city's hospitals both public and private. This has led to protest from local pregnant women for the government to remedy the issue, as they have found difficulty in securing a bed space for giving birth and routine check-ups. Other concerns in the decade of 2001–2010 relate to the workload medical staff experience; and medical errors and mishaps, which are frequently highlighted in local news.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/mainland-chinese-flock-to-hong-kong-to-have-babies.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=Mainland Chinese Flock to Hong Kong to Give Birth|first=Sharon|last=LaFraniere|date=22 February 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=9 June 2013}}</ref>-->
Since 2011, there have been growing concerns that mothers-to-be from mainland China, in a bid to obtain the right of abode in Hong Kong and the benefits that come with it, have saturated the neonatal wards of the city's hospitals both public and private. This has led to protest from local pregnant women for the government to remedy the issue, as they have found difficulty in securing a bed space for giving birth and routine check-ups. Other concerns in the decade of 2001–2010 relate to the workload medical staff experience; and medical errors and mishaps, which are frequently highlighted in local news.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/mainland-chinese-flock-to-hong-kong-to-have-babies.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=Mainland Chinese Flock to Hong Kong to Give Birth|first=Sharon|last=LaFraniere|date=22 February 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=9 June 2013}}</ref>-->

20:08, 13 November 2015ৰ সংস্কৰণ

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區
A flag with a white 5-petalled flower design on solid red background A red circular emblem, with a white 5-petalled flower design in the centre, and surrounded by the words "Hong Kong" and "চীনা: {{{c}}}"
ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সঙ্গীত
"March of the Volunteers"[1]
City flower
Bauhinia blakeana (洋紫荊)
Hong Kong-ৰ অৱস্থান
Hong Kong-ৰ অৱস্থান
Location of Hong Kong
ৰাষ্ট্ৰভাষা (সমূহ)
স্বীকৃত আঞ্চলিক ভাষাসমূহ Cantonese[2]
জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহ 
  • 93.6% Chinese
  • 6.4% others
জাতীয়তাসূচক বিশেষণ
Sovereign state People's Republic of China
চৰকাৰ Special administrative
region of China[a]
 -  Chief Executive CY Leung
 -  Chief Secretary for Administration Carrie Lam
 -  Financial Secretary John Tsang
 -  Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen
 -  President of the Legislative Council Jasper Tsang
History
 -  British possession 26 January 1841 
 -  Treaty of Nanking 29 August 1842 
 -  Convention of Peking 18 October 1860 
 -  Second Convention of Peking 1 July 1898 
 -  Japanese occupation 25 December 1941
to 15 August 1945 
 -  Transfer of sovereignty
from the United Kingdom
1 July 1997 
মাটিকালি
 -  মুঠ ১,১০৪ বৰ্গ কিমি (179th)
৪২৬ বৰ্গ মাইল 
 -  জলভাগ (%) ৪.৫৮ (৫০ km২; ১৯ sq mi)'"`UNIQ--ref-০০০০০০০৪-QINU`"'
জনসংখ্যা
 -  2014 আনুমানিক ৭২,৩৪,৮০০'"`UNIQ--ref-০০০০০০০৫-QINU`"' (১০০th)
জিডিপি (পিপিপি) 2015 আনুমানিক
 -  মুঠ $412.300 billion[5] (44th)
 -  জনমুৰি $56,428[5] (10th)
জিডিপি (নামমাত্ৰ) 2015 আনুমানিক
 -  মুঠ $310.074 billion[5] (36th)
 -  জনমুৰি $42,437[5] (18th)
জিনি সহগ? (2007) 43.4 
মানৱ উন্নয়ন সূচক (2013) 0.891 (15th)
মুদ্ৰা Hong Kong dollar (HK$) (HKD)
সময় অঞ্চল (ইউটিচি+8)
 -  গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন (ডিএছটি) not observed (ইউটিচি+8)
তাৰিখ বিন্যাস dd-mm-yyyy
yyyy年mm月dd日
গাড়ী চলোৱা হয় left
ISO 3166 code HK
ইণ্টাৰনেট টিএলডি .hk   .香港
কলিং ক'ড ++852
হংকং
চীনা 香港
আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থ Fragrant Harbour
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
পৰম্পৰাগত চীনা লিপি 香港特別行政區 (香港特區)
সৰলীকৃত চীনা লিপি 香港特别行政区 (香港特区)

হংকং (ইংৰাজী: Hong Kong; চীনা: 香港), চৰকাৰীভাৱে প্ৰজাতান্ত্ৰিক চীনৰ হংকং বিশেষ প্ৰশাসনিক অঞ্চল, হৈছে চীনৰ পাৰ্ল নদীৰ ব-দ্বীপ আৰু দক্ষিণ চীন সাগৰৰ দক্ষিণ তীৰত অৱস্থিত এখন স্বায়ত্বশাসিত ৰাজ্য।[7] Hong Kong is known for its skyline and deep natural harbour.[8] ইয়াৰ মটিকালি হৈছে ১১০৪ কিমি২ আৰু ইয়াৰ উত্তৰ সীমান্তত মূল চীনৰ গুৱাণ্ডন প্ৰান্ত আছে। প্ৰায় ৭.২ নিযুত নাগৰিকৰ[টোকা- ১] সৈতে, হংকং হৈছে পৃথিৱীৰ আটাইতকৈ জনবহুল মহানগৰ সমূহৰ ভিতৰত এক অন্যতম নগৰ।

নাম

ইতিহাস

প্ৰাক-ব্ৰিটিছ

পুৰণি চীন

ঐতিহ্যমণ্ডিত চীন

ব্ৰিচিছ উপনিৱেশ: ১৮৪২-১৯৪১

জাপানীৰ অধিকাৰ: ১৯৪১-৪৫

মূল চীনৰ সৈতে সংঘাট

প্ৰশাসন

ভূগোল আৰু জলবায়ু

অৰ্থনীতি

আন্তঃগাঠনি

Demographics

ধৰ্ম

ব্যক্তিগত উপাৰ্জন

শিক্ষা

স্বাস্থ্য

হংকংত ১৩ খন ব্যক্তিগত চিকিৎসালয় আৰু প্ৰায় ৪০ খনতকৈও অধিক ৰাজহুৱা চিকিৎসালয় আছে।[9] ব্যক্তিগত আৰু ৰাজহুৱা স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাৰ মাজত কিছু আভ্যন্তৰিণ সমন্বয় আছে।[10] এই চিকিৎসালয়বোৰে এক বিশাল পৰিসৰৰ স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা উপলব্ধ কৰোৱাই আৰু ইয়াৰে কেইখনমান ব্যক্তিগত চিকিৎসালয়ৰ চিকিৎসাসেৱাৰ মান আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ বুলি বিবেচনা কৰা হয়।[11]

দেশখনত দুখন চিকিৎসা বিদ্যালয় আছে, এখন হংকঙৰ চীনা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু আনখন হংকং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অন্তৰ্গত।[12][13] ৰাজহুৱা চিকিৎসালয়ৰ লগত দুয়োখন অনুষ্ঠানৰে যোগসুত্ৰ আছে।[12][14] স্নাতকোত্তৰ শিক্ষাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত উন্নত প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ বাবে বহু চিকিৎকে বহিঃদেশলৈ গমন কৰে, আৰু বহুতে MRCP(UK) আৰু MRCS(UK)ৰ দৰে ব্ৰিটিছ ৰয়েল ক'লেজৰ পৰীক্ষাৰ বাবে প্ৰস্তুতি চলায়। যিকিনহওক, বৰ্তমান হংকংৰ নিজাকে চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতকোত্তৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান গঢ়ি উঠিছে। বিশেষকৈ হংকং একাডেমি অৱ মেডিচিন হৈছে এনে অনুষ্ঠানৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। এই অনুষ্ঠানখনে লাহে লাহে দেশখনৰ সকলো স্নাতকোত্তৰ মেডিকেল প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ দায়িত্ব বহন কৰিবলৈ অগ্ৰসৰ হৈছে।

Culture

Sport

Architecture

panorama: looking down on a city of skyscrapers, land mass in the distance separated by a body of water.
A view from Victoria Peak, looking north over Central, Victoria Harbour and Kowloon (2011).
A view from Victoria Peak, looking north over Central, Victoria Harbour and Kowloon at night (2007).
কৱলন নগৰ, হংকং দ্বীপ আৰু আকাশৰ দৃশ্য
Night time city skyline with Victoria Harbour in front and low hills behind
ৰাতিৰ আকাশৰ সৈতে হংকং দ্বীপৰ পেনোৰামিক দৃশ্য


১. The identity of Hong Kong Permanent Resident can be of any nationality, Chinese, British, or others. A person not of Chinese nationality who has entered Hong Kong with a valid travel document, has ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than 7 years and has taken Hong Kong as his or her place of permanent residence are legally recognized as a Hongkonger. See "Right of Abode" of The Immigration Department of Hong Kong


তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ

  1. ↑ Basic Law - Anthem
  2. ↑ Section 3(1) of the Official Languages Ordinance (Cap 5) provides that the "English and Chinese languages are declared to be the official languages of Hong Kong." The Ordinance does not explicitly specify the standard for "Chinese". While Mandarin and Simplified Chinese characters are used as the spoken and written standards in mainland China, Cantonese and Traditional Chinese characters are the long-established de facto standards in Hong Kong.
  3. ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: অবৈধ <ref> টেগ; cia নামৰ refৰ বাবে কোনো পাঠ্য প্ৰদান কৰা হোৱা নাই
  4. ↑ "Mid-year Population for 2014". Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong). 12 August 2014. http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/press_release/pressReleaseDetail.jsp?charsetID=1&pressRID=3461. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Hong Kong". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=44&pr.y=20&sy=2015&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=532&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 2 November 2014. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 It is Hong Kong Hakka language.http://www.hkilang.org/NEW_WEB/page/dict_hantzu HK Hakka-Punti-Cantonese Online Dictionary
  7. ↑ "Geography and Climate, Hong Kong". Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Government. http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_810/geog.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 January 2007. 
  8. ↑ Ash, Russell (2006). The Top 10 of Everything 2007. Hamlyn. পৃষ্ঠা. 78. ISBN 0-600-61532-4. 
  9. ↑ "Clusters, Hospitals & Institutions". Hospital Authority. http://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10084&Lang=ENG&Dimension=100&Parent_ID=10042। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 May 2013. 
  10. ↑ "Health & safety". Lonely Planet. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/hong-kong/practical-information/health। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 May 2013. 
  11. ↑ "Private Hospitals in Hong Kong". The New Economy. http://www.healthcareawards2012.theneweconomy.com/private-hospitals-in-hong-kong/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 May 2013. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Milestones". Chinese University of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. https://web.archive.org/20120923160319/http://www.med.cuhk.edu.hk/v7/p5_10_10.htm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 May 2013. 
  13. ↑ "Education". University of Hong Kong. http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 May 2013. 
  14. ↑ "Educational objectives". University of Hong Kong. http://www.med.hku.hk/v1/education/internship/educational-objectives/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 May 2013. 
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