বৎচোৱানা

Republic of Botswana
Lefatshe la Botswana (**Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.**)
Republic of Botswana Lefatshe la Botswana (Script error: The function "name_from_code" does not exist.)
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: "Pula!" (Tswana); "Rain"
	Anthem: Fatshe leno la rona (Tswana); Blessed Be Our Noble Land;
ৰাজধানী and largest city	গাব'ৰনে; 24°39.5′S 25°54.5′E / 24.6583°S 25.9083°E
Official languages	ইংৰাজী ভাষা; Setswana;
Ethnic groups (2012)	79% Tswana ; 11% Kalanga ; 3% San ; 7% Others (includes Kgalagadi, Indian, and White);
ধৰ্ম	73% Christianity ; —66% Protestantism ; —7% Other Christian ; 20% No religion ; 6% Traditional faiths ; 1% Others (includes Baháʼí, Hindu, and Islam);
Demonyms	Batswana (plural) ; Motswana (singular);
Government	Unitary dominant-party parliamentary constitutional republic
• President	Mokgweetsi Masisi
• Vice-President	Slumber Tsogwane
• National Assembly Speaker	Phandu Skelemani
• Chief Justice	Terence Rannowane
Legislature	National Assembly
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Established (Constitution)	30 September 1966
Area
• Total	5,81,730 বৰ্গ কি.মি. (2,24,610 বৰ্গ মাইল) (47th)
• Water (%)	2.7
Population
• 2018 estimate	2,254,068 (145th)
• 2011 census	2,024,904
• Density	3.7 /কিমি২ (9.6 /বৰ্গ মাইল) (231st)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$39.848 billion
• Per capita	$18,113
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$17.197 billion
• Per capita	$7,817
Gini (2015)	53.3; high inequality
HDI (2019)	0.735; high (100th)
Currency	Pula (BWP)
Time zone	Central Africa Time (GMT+2)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Calling code	+267
ISO 3166 code	BW
Internet TLD	.bw
	Website; www.gov.bw

বৎচোৱানা (ইংৰাজী: Botswana) আফ্ৰিকা মহাদেশৰ দক্ষিণাংশত অৱস্থিত এখন স্থলবেষ্টিত ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। ১৯৬৬ চনত ই ব্ৰিটেইনৰ পৰা স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰে।

হীৰা আৰু অন্যান্য খনিজাত সম্পদে বৎচোৱানাক আফ্ৰিকাৰ অন্যতম ধনী দেশলৈ পৰিণত কৰেছে। দেশখনৰ অধিকাংশ এলাকা শুষ্ক আৰু কৃষিৰ অনুপযোগী। বৎচোৱানাৰ মধ্য আৰু দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমভাগৰ অধিকাংশ অঞ্চল জুৰি কালাহাৰি মৰুভূমি অৱস্থিত। দেশখনত প্ৰাণীবিলাকৰ বাবে বহুতো অভয়াৰণ্য আছে।

স্বাধীনতাৰ পিছৰে পৰা বৎচোৱানাত স্থিতিশীল গণতন্ত্ৰ বিৰাজমান। এজন নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিয়ে দেশখন শাসন কৰে। গাবোৰোন হ'ল দেশখনৰ বৃহত্তম চহৰ আৰু ৰাজধানী। ইংৰেজী দেশখনৰ চৰকাৰী ভাষা হ'লেও বেছিভাগ মানুহেই বাণ্টু ভাষাত কথা পাতে।

তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ

↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: অবৈধ <ref> টেগ; pew নামৰ refৰ বাবে কোনো পাঠ্য প্ৰদান কৰা হোৱা নাই
↑ Seabo, Batlang; Kesaobaka, Molebatsi. "Botswana's Dominant Party System". Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. https://www.eisa.org.za/pdf/JAE16.2Seabo.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 April 2020.
↑ Benza, Brian (24 October 2019). "Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election/botswanas-masisi-retains-presidency-as-bdp-wins-election-idUSKBN1X40KS.
↑ Selolwane, Onalenna (2002). "Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance". African Sociological Review খণ্ড 6 (1): 68–90. doi:10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203.
↑ "Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 December 2019.
↑ "Masisi to Lead Botswana as Khama Steps Down After a Decade". www.bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/masisi-to-lead-botswana-as-khama-steps-down-after-decade-at-helm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 31 March 2018.
↑ Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana (Report). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 2015. p. 9. http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf. "Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173"
↑ ""World Population prospects – Population division"". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.
↑ ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.
1 2 3 4 "IMF Country Specific Data". https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 August 2019.
↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 April 2019.
↑ "Human Development Report 2020" (en ভাষাত). United Nations Development Programme. December 15, 2020. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: December 15, 2020.
↑ Chapter: 01:04 (20 July 1984). "Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))". Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 September 2020.

[pew-1] উদ্ধৃতি ত্ৰুটি: অবৈধ <ref> টেগ; pew নামৰ refৰ বাবে কোনো পাঠ্য প্ৰদান কৰা হোৱা নাই

[2] Seabo, Batlang; Kesaobaka, Molebatsi. "Botswana's Dominant Party System". Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. https://www.eisa.org.za/pdf/JAE16.2Seabo.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 9 April 2020.

[3] Benza, Brian (24 October 2019). "Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election/botswanas-masisi-retains-presidency-as-bdp-wins-election-idUSKBN1X40KS.

[4] Selolwane, Onalenna (2002). "Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance". African Sociological Review খণ্ড 6 (1): 68–90. doi:10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203.

[5] "Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 17 December 2019.

[6] "Masisi to Lead Botswana as Khama Steps Down After a Decade". www.bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-28/masisi-to-lead-botswana-as-khama-steps-down-after-decade-at-helm। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 31 March 2018.

[7] Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana (Report). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 2015. p. 9. http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf. "Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173"

[UN_WPP-8] ""World Population prospects – Population division"". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.

[UN_WPP_2019-9] ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Divisionpopulation.un.org. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: November 9, 2019.

[imf2019gdp-10] 1 2 3 4 "IMF Country Specific Data". https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 10 August 2019.

[WBgini-11] "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 20 April 2019.

[UNHDR-12] "Human Development Report 2020" (en ভাষাত). United Nations Development Programme. December 15, 2020. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: December 15, 2020.

[13] Chapter: 01:04 (20 July 1984). "Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))". Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 11 September 2020.

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