মহাত্মা গান্ধীয়ে কৰা অনশনৰ তালিকা
মহাত্মা গান্ধী অথবা জাতিৰ পিতা হিচাপে জনাজাত মোহনদাস কৰমচান্দ গান্ধীয়ে ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনৰ সময়ত ১৭ টা অনশন খাটিছিল। তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া অনশন আছিল ২১ দিনৰ। প্ৰতিবাদৰ অস্ত্ৰ হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা অনশন, গান্ধীৰ অহিংসা আদৰ্শ আৰু সত্যাগ্ৰহৰ এক অংগ আছিল।[1]
অনশনসমূহ
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]| ক্ৰমিক নং | তাৰিখ | সময় | স্থান | কাৰণ আৰু দাবীসমূহ | অনশনৰ প্ৰতি প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া | ফলাফল |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ১ | ১৯১৩ (জুলাই ১৩–২০)[2] | ৭ দিন | Phoenix, দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা | First penitential fast[3] | ||
| ২ | ১৯১৪ (এপ্ৰিল) | ১৪ দিন | Second penitential fast[3] | |||
| ৩ | ১৯১৮ (মাৰ্চ ১৫-১৮) | ৩ দিন | আহমেদাবাদ | আহমেদাবাদত হোৱা মিল কৰ্মীসকলৰ ধৰ্ণা উপলক্ষে | ভাৰতত প্ৰথম অনশন | Mill workers agreed to arbitration[4] |
| ৪ | ১৯১৯ (এপ্ৰিল ১৪-১৬) | ৩ দিন | First anti-violence fast: against the attempted derail of a train at Nadiad.[3] | |||
| ৫ | ১৯২১ (নৱেম্বৰ ১৯-২২) | ৪ দিন | Second anti-violence fast: against the anarchists' activities on the occasion of the Prince of Wales arrival[3] | |||
| ৬ | ১৯২২ (ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২-৭) | ৫ দিন | বাৰদলি | Third anti-violence fast: for atonement for violence done in Chauri Chaura incident. | ||
| ৭ | ১৯২৪ (ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৮-অক্টোবৰ ৮) | ২১ দিন | দিল্লী | First Hindu-Muslim unity fast | Interest of Hindu - Muslim unity after the first non-cooperation movement | Ended fast while listening to the Quran and Gita being read.[5] |
| ৮ | ১৯২৫ (নৱেম্বৰ ২৪-৩০) | ৭ দিন | Third Penitential Fast.[3] | |||
| ৯ | ১৯৩২ (ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০-২৬) | ৬ দিন | পোনা | First anti-untouchability fast: Communal Award of separate electorates and separate reservation of seats for depressed classes | Fast undertaken at Yerwada Central Jail. When released a few days later, Gandhi continued his fast at a private house in Poona, with the result that all national leaders assembled in Pune. | British Government withdrew the clauses in the Communal Award against which Gandhi was protesting[5] |
| ১০ | ১৯৩২ (ডিচেম্বৰ ৩) | ১ দিন | Second anti-untouchability fast: sympathetic to Appasaheb Patwardhan[3] | |||
| ১১ | ১৯৩৩ (মে' ৮-মে' ২৯) | ২১ দিন | Third anti-untouchability fast: for the improvement of Harijans' condition[6] | |||
| ১২ | ১৯৩৩ (আগষ্ট ১৬-২৩) | ৭ দিন | Fourth anti-untouchability fast: to obtain privileges (while in prison) that would enable him to carry on his fight in behalf of the Harijans[6] | Released unconditionally from prison on 23 August 1933, for health reasons[7] | ||
| ১৩ | ১৯৩৪ (আগষ্ট ৭-১৪) | ৭ দিন | Fourth anti-violence fast: against a violent young Congressman[3] | |||
| ১৪ | ১৯৩৯ (মাৰ্চ) | ৩ দিন[8] | ৰাজকোট | |||
| ১৫ | ১৯৪৩ (ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১০-মাৰ্চ ৩) | ২১ দিন | দিল্লী | Objecting to his detention without charges by the British.[9][10] | ||
| ১৬ | ১৯৪৭ (ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১-৪) | ৪ দিন | Second Hindu-Muslim unity fast[3] | |||
| ১৭ | ১৯৪৮ (জানুৱাৰী ৩[11]-১৮) | ৬ দিন | Third Hindu-Muslim unity fast for restoration of communal peace. Gandhi was reading the dreadful news of the Kashmir war, while at the same time fasting to death because Muslims could not live safely in Delhi. Meeting Maulana Azad, Gandhi laid down seven conditions for breaking his fast. These were:
|
Politicians and leaders of communal bodies had to agreed for a joint plan for restoration of normal life. Nathuram Godse assassinated Gandhi. | A large number of important politicians and leaders of communal bodies agreed to a joint plan for restoration of normal life in the city |
তথ্যউৎস
[সম্পাদনা কৰক]- ↑ "National hunger strike?". Gulf Daily News. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131213164020/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=307474। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 January 2012.
- ↑ [207,{%22name%22:%22FitH%22},678 "Letter to Millie Graham Polak, July 13, 1913"]. http://gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL013.PDF#[207,{%22name%22:%22FitH%22},678].
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 O.P. Dhiman. Betrayal of Gandhi. ISBN 978-81-78-35-746-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=jSXgQYRxfmkC&pg=PA315.
- ↑ Jack, Homer A. (2005). "Short Chronology of Gandhi’s Life". Mahatma.com. Worldview.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051023094337/http://mahatma.com/php/showContent.php?linkid=7। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 January 2012.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "The Previous Fasts". The Indian Express. 4 March 1943. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LLw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=JEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4995,4559107&dq=। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 27 January 2012.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Mohandas K. Gandhi: The Indian Leader at Home and Abroad". New York Times. 31 January 1948. https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1002.html। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 30 December 2013.
- ↑ Rajmohan Gandhi. Gandhi: The Man, His People, and the Empire. পৃষ্ঠা. 361. ISBN 978-0-520-25570-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC&pg=PA361#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ↑ "Rajkot dispute settled - Gandhi breaks his fast". The Advocate. 8 March 1939. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68544508.
- ↑ {{spectrum book page no. 380 ,line no 17url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_anna-a-man-of-stamina-his-longest-fast-lasted-12-days_1579090%7Caccessdate=27 January 2012|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|date=24 August 2011}}
- ↑ "Gandhiji Breaks Fast". The Indian Express. 4 March 1943. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LLw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=JEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2180,4555643। আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে: 30 December 2013.
- ↑ https://thewire.in/communalism/the-day-gandhi-began-his-last-fast
- ↑ https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gandhi-s-last-and-greatest-fast/story-wpf0NL3LgsWUegv7uVTopL.html
139 fast days total.